Effects of Using Miswak in Addition to Oral Hygiene Products in Patients With Gingivitis

July 1, 2026 updated by: Aysegul SARI, Mustafa Kemal University

This pilot study aims to evaluate the effects of miswak use on the oral biological environment by comparing biochemical parameters obtained from saliva and dental plaque samples collected from individuals who use miswak and controls. A total of 36 healthy volunteers will be enrolled in the study, including 18 miswak+rutine oral hygiene products users and 18 rutine oral hygiene products.

Periodontal clinical parameters will be recorded, and saliva and supragingival dental plaque samples will be collected from all participants. The collected samples will be analysed for biomarkers associated with periodontal inflammation and oxidative stress. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), C-reactive protein (CRP), and oxidative stress levels will be measured using biochemical analysis.

The findings of this study are expected to provide preliminary evidence regarding the biological effects of miswak on oral health and contribute to the current understanding of its potential role as an adjunctive oral hygiene tool.

Study Overview

Status

Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

36

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
      • Hatay, Turkey (Türkiye), 31000
        • Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
        • Contact:
        • Contact:
    • Hatay
      • Antakya, Hatay, Turkey (Türkiye), 31000
        • Hatay Mustafa Kemal University
        • Contact:
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Hasan Burak Sen, DDs

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients diagnosed with gingivitis who attended the Department of Periodontology and met the eligibility criteria. Eligible participants will be systemic healthy patients with gingivitis who have not received periodontal treatment for 6 months. A total of 36 participants were enrolled and randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • To be in the age range of 18-60 years
  • To have no systemic disease
  • To be diagnosed with gingivitis

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Smoking
  • History of recent periodontal treatment

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
Test Group: Miswak using
Participants received oral hygiene instructions and used a manual toothbrush twice daily in combination with miswak (Salvadora persica L.) five times daily for one month before periodontal treatment. Clinical periodontal parameters will be recorded, and salivary IL-1β, CRP, and oxidative stress levels will be evaluated at pre-op (4 weeks), baseline (before periodontal treatment), and post-op (6 weeks).
Combination product: Miswak
Participants used miswak (Salvadora persica L.) as an adjunct to toothbrushing, five times per day, for one month before periodontal treatment.
Other: Toothpaste
Participants used a manual toothbrush twice daily for one month before periodontal treatment.
control group
articipants with gingivitis received oral hygiene instructions and used a manual toothbrush twice daily without miswak. Clinical periodontal parameters will be recorded, and salivary IL-1β, CRP, and oxidative stress levels will be evaluated at pre-op (4 weeks), baseline (before periodontal treatment), and post-op (6 weeks).
Other: Toothpaste
Participants used a manual toothbrush twice daily for one month before periodontal treatment.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Salivary Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1β) Levels
Time Frame: Pre-op 4 weeks and after 6 weeks
To evaluate the effect of adjunctive miswak use on salivary interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels in patients with gingivitis. Salivary IL-1β concentrations will be measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Pre-op 4 weeks and after 6 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Clinical Periodontal Indices
Time Frame: Pre-op 4 weeks and after 6 weeks
To evaluate changes in clinical periodontal parameters, including Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), and Bleeding on Probing (BOP) following adjunctive miswak use.
Pre-op 4 weeks and after 6 weeks
Change in Salivary C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Levels
Time Frame: Pre-op 4 weeks and after 6 weeks
To evaluate changes in salivary C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations as a marker of oral inflammatory status following adjunctive miswak use.
Pre-op 4 weeks and after 6 weeks
Change in Salivary Oxidative Stress Levels
Time Frame: Pre-op 4 weeks and after 6 weeks
To evaluate changes in salivary oxidative stress levels following adjunctive miswak use using appropriate biochemical assays.
Pre-op 4 weeks and after 6 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Mustafa Kemal University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Hasan Burak Sen, DDs, Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
  • Study Director: Ayşegül Sari, PhD, Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

July 4, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

July 4, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

July 4, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

July 1, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 1, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

July 8, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

July 8, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 1, 2026

Last Verified

July 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 11/2025

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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