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Efficacy of Electric Fans in Children During Heat Waves

8. listopadu 2026 aktualizováno: Glen P. Kenny, University of Ottawa

Effectiveness of Heat Mitigation Strategies in Mitigating Increases in Physiological Strain in Children and Youth Exposed to Indoor Overheating

Extreme heat exposure is an escalating global public health concern, with climate change driving increases in the frequency, duration, and intensity of heat events. Projections indicate substantial increases in heat-related morbidity and mortality in the coming decades, including among children and youth, who are increasingly recognized as a physiologically vulnerable population. The purpose of this project is to evaluate the effectiveness of commonly used heat-mitigation strategies, specifically midday access daylong electric fan use, in reducing physiological strain and maintaining cognitive function, perceptual comfort, and psychological well-being in children and youth exposed to prolonged indoor heat. The study also aims to determine whether these strategies provide comparable protection in children and youth relative to young adults. Participants will complete four sessions under the same environmental conditions (31°C and 36°C), with each temperature completed twice: once with continuous electric fan use and once without fan use. The four sessions therefore consist of: (1) 31°C without fan use; (2) 31°C with fan use; (3) 36°C without fan use; and (4) 36°C with fan use.

Přehled studie

Postavení

Nábor

Podmínky

Intervence / Léčba

Typ studie

Intervenční

Zápis (Odhadovaný)

60

Fáze

  • Nelze použít

Kontakty a umístění

Tato část poskytuje kontaktní údaje pro ty, kteří studii provádějí, a informace o tom, kde se tato studie provádí.

Studijní kontakt

  • Jméno: Glen P Kenny
  • Telefonní číslo: 4282 613-562-5800
  • E-mail: gkenny@uottawa.ca

Studijní místa

    • Ontario
      • Ottawa, Ontario, Kanada, K1N 6N5
        • Nábor
        • University of Ottawa
        • Kontakt:

Kritéria účasti

Výzkumníci hledají lidi, kteří odpovídají určitému popisu, kterému se říká kritéria způsobilosti. Některé příklady těchto kritérií jsou celkový zdravotní stav osoby nebo předchozí léčba.

Kritéria způsobilosti

Věk způsobilý ke studiu

9 let až 25 let (Dítě, Dospělý)

Přijímá zdravé dobrovolníky

Ano

Pohlaví způsobilá ke studiu

Všechno

Popis

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Participants must be healthy males or females within the specified age ranges (9-12 years, 13-16 years, or 20-25 years).
  • All participants must be habitually active, defined as participation in regular physical activity at least three times per week for a minimum of 20 minutes per session over the previous six months.
  • Participants must be able to understand and communicate in English or French.
  • For participants under 18 years of age, written parental or guardian consent and participant assent will be required prior to participation.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Individuals will be excluded from participation if they have any acute illness at the time of testing (e.g., cold, flu, or infection), or a history of chronic medical conditions that may affect thermoregulation, cardiovascular function, or exercise capacity, including but not limited to cardiovascular, metabolic, respiratory, or neurological disorders. Individuals taking medications known to influence thermoregulation, hydration status, or cardiovascular responses will also be excluded.
  • Participants with a history of heat-related illness (e.g., heat exhaustion or heat stroke) will not be eligible.
  • Individuals with digestive abnormalities or gastrointestinal conditions that may contraindicate ingestion of a telemetry pill will also be excluded.
  • Any individual who, in the opinion of the investigators, may be at increased risk or unable to safely complete the study procedures will be excluded.

Studijní plán

Tato část poskytuje podrobnosti o studijním plánu, včetně toho, jak je studie navržena a co studie měří.

Jak je studie koncipována?

Detaily designu

  • Primární účel: Základní věda
  • Přidělení: Randomizované
  • Intervenční model: Crossover Assignment
  • Maskování: Žádné (otevřený štítek)

Zbraně a zásahy

Skupina účastníků / Arm
Intervence / Léčba
Experimentální: Warm indoor environment of 31°C without fans

Participants exposed daylong (6 hours) to an indoor temperature maintained at 31°C and 45% relative humidity without fan exposure.

Children and young adults exposed to a 6-hour simulated heat exposure without fans.

Experimentální: Warm indoor environment of 31°C with fans

Participants exposed daylong (6 hours) to an indoor temperature maintained at 31°C and 45% relative humidity with fan exposure.

Children and young adults exposed to a 6-hour simulated heat exposure without fans.

Experimentální: Hot indoor environment of 36°C without fans

Participants exposed daylong (6 hours) to an indoor temperature maintained at 36°C and 45% relative humidity with fan exposure.

Children and young adults exposed to a 6-hour simulated heat exposure without fans.

Experimentální: Hot indoor environment of 36°C with fans

Participants exposed daylong (6 hours) to an indoor temperature maintained at 36°C and 45% relative humidity with fan exposure.

Children and young adults exposed to a 6-hour simulated heat exposure without fans.

Co je měření studie?

Primární výstupní opatření

Měření výsledku
Popis opatření
Časové okno
Core temperature (Peak) during daylong exposure to indoor overheating
Časové okno: End of 6 hour daylong exposure

Peak core (indexed by visceral temperature) temperature (15 min average) during exposure. Visceral temperature is measured continuously throughout the 6 hour exposure to the simulated indoor overheating.

End of 6 hour daylong exposure

Sekundární výstupní opatření

Měření výsledku
Popis opatření
Časové okno
Profiles of Mood States (POMS) during daylong exposure to indoor overheating
Časové okno: At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure

Potential changes in mood (7 subscales of mood: tension, anger, depression, fatigue, confusion, vigor and esteem related affect). The POMS-40 is a validated, self-administered questionnaire that examines seven distinct aspects of mood state across two positive subscales (Esteem-Related Affect, and Vigor) and five negative subscales (Fatigue, Tension, Confusion, Anger, and Depression), which are described across 40 distinct adjectives. For each individual item, participants are asked to describe "how you feel right now" by responding using a 5-point Likert scale (0 = "Not at all", 1 = "A little", 2 = "Moderately", 3 = "Quite a lot", or 4 = "Extremely"). The values of items associated with a specific subscale (e.g., Fatigue) are summed to calculate its score.

At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure
Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ) during daylong exposure to indoor overheating
Časové okno: At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure

Self-reported environmental reactions and medical symptomatology associated with prolonged heat exposure. The ESQ-IV is a validated 68-item, self-administered questionnaire that has been used successfully in identifying symptomatology during exposure to a wide variety of environmental conditions, including heat exposure. Participants are asked to assess and described "how you have been feeling today" by responding to each item using a 6-point Likert scale (0 = "Not at all", 1 = "Slight", 2 = "Somewhat", 3 = "Moderate", 4 = "Quite a bit", or 5 = "Extreme"). Total Symptom Score is calculated from this data by taking the sum of the intensity ratings from all 68 individual items using reverse scores for the three positive items from the list ("I Felt Good", "I Felt Alert", and "I Felt Wide Awake").

At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure
Perceived exertion scale during daylong exposure to indoor temperature limit
Časové okno: At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure

Perceived exertional assessed via an ordinal scale ("How hard are you working?") ranging from "no exertional at all" to "maximal exertion"

At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure
Activity levels (total steps taken) during daylong exposure to indoor overheating
Časové okno: End of 6 hour daylong exposure

Activity levels, quantified by number of steps taken per hour and totaled for each 6 hour exposure, assessed via a wearable accelerometer worn on the wrist and hip.

End of 6 hour daylong exposure
Feel good scale during daylong exposure to indoor overheating
Časové okno: At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure

Feel good scale assessed via an ordinal scale (How good do you feel?) ranging from "very good" to "very bad" (midpoint: neutral)

At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure
Thirst sensation scale during daylong exposure to indoor overheating
Časové okno: At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure

Thirst sensation assessed via an ordinal scale ranging from very, very thirsty to not thirsty at all.

At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure
Thermal comfort scale during daylong exposure to indoor overheating
Časové okno: At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure

Thermal comfort assessed via an ordinal scale ("How comfortable does your body temperature feel?") ranging from "very uncomfortable" to "comfortable".

At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure
Thermal sensation 2 scale during daylong exposure to indoor overheating
Časové okno: At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure

Thermal sensation assessed via an ordinal scale ("How do you feel?") ranging from "hot" to "cold" (midpoint: neutral)

At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure
Thermal sensation scale during daylong exposure to indoor overheating
Časové okno: At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure

Thermal sensation assessed via an ordinal scale (How hot do you feel?) ranging from "extremely hot" to "neutral".

At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure
Fluid loss during daylong exposure to indoor overheating
Časové okno: At end of 6 hour daylong exposure

Fluid loss calculated as the change in body mass during each exposure presented as a percentage of baseline body mass (corrected for food consumption).

At end of 6 hour daylong exposure
Fluid consumption during daylong exposure to indoor overheating
Časové okno: At end of 6 hour daylong exposure

Average hourly fluid consumption calculated by weighing participant water intake at the start and end of each hour of exposure (normalized to the exposure duration).

At end of 6 hour daylong exposure
Hydration status during daylong exposure to indoor overheating
Časové okno: At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure

Hydration status measured via assessing the urine specific gravity of a urine sample.

At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure
BTrackS Balance Assessment during daylong exposure to indoor overheating (postural stability)
Časové okno: At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure

To assess postural stability, participants will be asked to stand on a BTracks force plate with their feet spread out to shoulder width, hand on their hips and eyes closed. The assessment will comprise of four trials (one practice trial) lasting 20 seconds in length and 20 seconds between trials. Center of pressure (COP) vector data along vertical (y) and horizontal (x) axes will be summed for the total path excursion length (cm) during each trial

At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure
Executive function during daylong exposure to indoor overheating (cognitive function).
Časové okno: At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure

Participants will be provided with a tablet device with the Sway Medical testing platform for the assessment of executive function. Participants will complete the Cued Stroop test, in which they are presented a sequence of congruent, neutral and incongruent color-word tasks.

At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure
CDC 4-Stage Balance Test during daylong exposure to indoor overheating (postural stability).
Časové okno: At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure

To assess postural stability, participants hold a tablet to their chest, then auditory cues guide participants through four consecutive stances, feet side by side, instep of one foot touching the big toe of the other foot, tandem stand with one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe, and stand on one foot. The balance assessment will be evaluated based on movement detected by an accelerometer integrated into the hardware of the tablet device (Sway Medical Inc).

At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure
Memory recall during daylong exposure to indoor overheating (cognitive function).
Časové okno: At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure

Participants will be provided with a tablet device with the Sway Medical testing platform for the assessment of memory recall. Participants complete both a delayed recall test and a working memory test.

At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure
Impulse control during daylong exposure to indoor overheating (cognitive function).
Časové okno: At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure

Participants will be provided with a tablet device with the Sway Medical testing platform for the assessment of impulse control. Participants will be asked to respond to both "go" and "no-go" visual cues. In response to the "go" cue, participants will initiate a movement of the device.

At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure
Reaction time during daylong exposure to indoor overheating (cognitive function).
Časové okno: At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure

Participants will be provided with a tablet device with the Sway Medical testing platform for the assessment of reaction time. Participants will be asked to initiate a movement of the device in response to a visual cue.

At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure
Diastolic blood pressure during daylong exposure to indoor overheating.
Časové okno: At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure

Diastolic blood pressure measured in triplicate via automated oscillometry (~60 seconds between measures).

At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure
Systolic blood pressure during daylong exposure to indoor overheating
Časové okno: At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure

Systolic blood pressure measured in triplicate via automated oscillometry (~60 seconds between measures).

At the start (hour 0) and end of 6 hour daylong exposure
Heart rate end of daylong exposure to indoor overheating
Časové okno: End of 6 hour daylong exposure

Heart rate measured at hour 6 of exposure to indoor overheating (15-min average).

End of 6 hour daylong exposure
Heart rate (AUC) during daylong exposure to indoor overheating
Časové okno: End of 6 hour daylong exposure

Areas under the curve (AUC) of heart rate during the 6 hour exposure to the simulate indoor overheating.

End of 6 hour daylong exposure
Heat rate (Peak) during daylong exposure to indoor overheating
Časové okno: End of 6 hour daylong exposure

Peak heart rate (15 min average) during exposure. Heart rate is measured continuously throughout the 6 hour exposure to the simulated indoor overheating.

End of 6 hour daylong exposure
Mean skin temperature end of daylong exposure to indoor overheating
Časové okno: End of 6 hour daylong exposure

Mean skin temperature measured over 7 body regions at hour 6 of exposure to indoor overheating (15-min average).

End of 6 hour daylong exposure
Mean skin temperature (AUC) during daylong exposure to indoor overheating
Časové okno: End of 6 hour daylong exposure

Areas under the curve (AUC) of mean skin temperature as calculated over 7 body regions during the 6 hour exposure to the simulate indoor overheating.

End of 6 hour daylong exposure
Mean skin temperature (Peak) during daylong exposure to indoor overheating
Časové okno: End of 6 hour daylong exposure

Peak mean skin temperature (15 min average) during exposure. Mean skin temperature as calculated from skin temperature measured across 7 body regions is measured continuously throughout the 6 hour exposure to the simulated indoor overheating.

End of 6 hour daylong exposure
Core temperature end of daylong exposure to indoor overheating
Časové okno: End of 6 hour daylong exposure

Visceral temperature measured at hour 6 of exposure to indoor overheating (15-min average).

End of 6 hour daylong exposure
Core temperature (AUC) during daylong exposure to indoor overheating
Časové okno: End of 6 hour daylong exposure

Areas under the curve (AUC) of visceral temperature during the 6 hour exposure to the simulate indoor overheating.

End of 6 hour daylong exposure

Spolupracovníci a vyšetřovatelé

Zde najdete lidi a organizace zapojené do této studie.

Sponzor

Termíny studijních záznamů

Tato data sledují průběh záznamů studie a předkládání souhrnných výsledků na ClinicalTrials.gov. Záznamy ze studií a hlášené výsledky jsou před zveřejněním na veřejné webové stránce přezkoumány Národní lékařskou knihovnou (NLM), aby se ujistily, že splňují specifické standardy kontroly kvality.

Hlavní termíny studia

Začátek studia (Aktuální)

2. října 2026

Primární dokončení (Odhadovaný)

30. dubna 2027

Dokončení studie (Odhadovaný)

30. června 2027

Termíny zápisu do studia

První předloženo

1. října 2026

První předloženo, které splnilo kritéria kontroly kvality

1. října 2026

První zveřejněno (Aktuální)

7. října 2026

Aktualizace studijních záznamů

Poslední zveřejněná aktualizace (Aktuální)

10. listopadu 2026

Odeslaná poslední aktualizace, která splnila kritéria kontroly kvality

8. listopadu 2026

Naposledy ověřeno

1. listopadu 2026

Více informací

Termíny související s touto studií

Další relevantní podmínky MeSH

Další identifikační čísla studie

  • HEPRU-2026-10-C

Informace o lécích a zařízeních, studijní dokumenty

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Studuje produkt zařízení regulovaný americkým úřadem FDA

Ne

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