Gut Microbiota Manipulation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Tarek Mazzawi, Tarek Mazzawi

Abstract

Increased knowledge suggests that disturbed gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis, might promote the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. Accordingly, gut microbiota manipulation has evolved in the last decade as a novel treatment strategy in order to improve IBS symptoms. In using different approaches, dietary management stands first in line, including dietary fiber supplements, prebiotics, and probiotics that are shown to change the composition of gut microbiota, fecal short-chain fatty acids and enteroendocrine cells densities and improve IBS symptoms. However, the exact mixture of beneficial bacteria for each individual remains to be identified. Prescribing nonabsorbable antibiotics still needs confirmation, although using rifaximin has been approved for diarrhea-predominant IBS. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has recently gained a lot of attention, and five out of seven placebo-controlled trials investigating FMT in IBS obtain promising results regarding symptom reduction and gut microbiota manipulation. However, more data, including larger cohorts and studying long-term effects, are needed before FMT can be regarded as a treatment for IBS in clinical practice.

Keywords: FODMAPs; antibiotics; dysbiosis; enteroendocrine cells; fecal microbiota transplantation; probiotics.

Conflict of interest statement

The author declares no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A schematic diagram showing the potential beneficiary effects of probiotics on the gut. Probiotics beneficially manipulate the dysbiotic gut through different potential mechanisms that include inhibition of pathogens’ overgrowth, improving the gut barrier, production of short-chain fatty acids and neurotransmitters and modulation of the immune system. DC: dendritic cells; IL: interleukin; Th: T helper cell; T reg: T regulatory cell; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A schematic drawing showing different methods for preparing and performing fecal microbiota transplantation.

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Source: PubMed

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