Periprosthetic fractures of the femur after total knee arthroplasty

Phil McGraw, Arun Kumar, Phil McGraw, Arun Kumar

Abstract

Periprosthetic fracture following total knee arthroplasty is a potentially serious complication. This injury can involve the distal femur, proximal tibia or the patella. This review article analyzes the prevalence, risk factors, classification and treatment options for periprosthetic fractures of the femur.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Radiographs of the knee joint, showing a very low periprosthetic fracture of the distal femur
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Radiographs of the knee joint 6 months after internal fixation using an intramedullary fibular allograft and a plate showing fracture union and restoration of bone stock

References

    1. Herrera DA, Kregor PJ, Cole PA, Levy BA, Jonsson A, Zlowodzki M. Treatment of acute distal femur fractures above a total knee arthroplasty: systematic review of 415 cases (1981–2006) Acta Orthop. 2008;79(1):22–27. doi: 10.1080/17453670710014716.
    1. Delport PH, Van Audekercke R, Martens M, Mulier JC. Conservative treatment of ipsilateral supracondylar femoral fracture after total knee arthroplasty. J Trauma. 1984;24:846–849. doi: 10.1097/00005373-198409000-00013.
    1. Culp RW, Schmidt RG, Hanks G, Mak A, Esterhai JL, Heppenstall RB. Supracondylar fracture of the femur following prosthetic knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop. 1987;222:212–222.
    1. Figgie MP, Goldberg VM, Figgie HE, Sobel M. The results of treatment of supracondylar fracture above total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 1990;5:267–276. doi: 10.1016/S0883-5403(08)80082-4.
    1. Rorabeck CH, Taylor JW. Periprosthetic fractures of the femur complicating total knee arthroplasty. Orthop Clin North Am. 1999;30:265–277. doi: 10.1016/S0030-5898(05)70081-X.
    1. Merkel KD, Johnson EW. Supracondylar fracture of the femur after total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1986;68A:29–43.
    1. Cain PR, Rubash HE, Wissinger HA, McClain EJ. Periprosthetic femoral fractures following total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop. 1986;208:205–214.
    1. Shawen SB, Belmont PJ, Jr, Klemme WR, Topoleski LDT, Xenos JS, Orchowski JR. Osteoporosis and anterior femoral notching in periprosthetic supracondylar fractures. A biomechanical study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85-A:115–121.
    1. Lesh ML, Schneider DJ, Deol G, Davis B, Jacobs CR, Pellegrini VD., Jr The consequences of anterior femoral notching in total knee arthroplasty: a biomechanical study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000;82A:1096–1101.
    1. Sisto DJ, Lachiewicz PF, Insall JN. Treatment of supracondylar fractures following prosthetic arthroplasty of the knee. Clin Orthop. 1985;196:265–272.
    1. McLaren AC, Dupont JA, Schroeber DC. Open reduction internal fixation of supracondylar fractures above total knee arthroplasties using the intramedullary supracondylar rod. Clin Orthop. 1994;302:194–198.
    1. Hirsh DM, Bhalla S, Roffman M. Supracondylar fracture of the femur following total knee replacement. Report of four cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1981;63-A:162–163.
    1. Rand JA. Supracondylar fracture of the femur associated with polyethylene wear after total knee arthroplasty. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1994;76A:1389–1393.
    1. Ritter MA, Thong AE, Keating M, Faris PM, Meding JB, Berend ME, et al. The effect of femoral notching during total knee arthroplasty on the prevalence of postoperative femoral fractures and on clinical outcome. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87A:2411–2414. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.D.02468.
    1. DiGioia AM, Rubash HE. Periprosthetic fractures of the femur after total knee arthroplasty; a literature review and treatment algorithm. Clin Orthop. 1991;271:135–142.
    1. Rorabeck CH, Taylor JW. Classification of periprosthetic fractures complicating total knee arthroplasty. Orthop Clin North Am. 1999;30:209–214. doi: 10.1016/S0030-5898(05)70075-4.
    1. Kang-Il Kim, Egol KA, Hozack WJ, Parvizi J. Periprosthetic fractures after total knee arthroplasties. Clin Orthop. 2006;446:167–175. doi: 10.1097/01.blo.0000214417.29335.19.
    1. Sochart DH, Hardinge K. Nonsurgical management of supracondylar fracture above total knee arthroplasty. Still the nineties option. J Arthroplasty. 1997;12:830–834. doi: 10.1016/S0883-5403(97)90016-4.
    1. Moran MC, Brick GW, Sledge CB, Dysart S, Chien E. Supracondylar femoral fracture following total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop. 1996;324:196–209. doi: 10.1097/00003086-199603000-00023.
    1. Short WH, Hootnick DR, Murray DG. Ipsilateral supracondylar femur fractures following knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop. 1981;158:111–116.
    1. Healy WL, Siliski JM, Incavo SJ. Operative treatment of distal femoral fractures proximal to total knee replacements. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993;75A:27–34.
    1. Cordeiro EN, Costa RC, Carazzato JG, Silva JDS. Periprosthetic fractures in patients with total knee arthroplasties. Clin Orthop. 1990;252:182–189.
    1. Zehntner MK, Ganz R. Internal fixation of supracondylar fractures after condylar knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop. 1993;293:219–224.
    1. Tani Y, Inoue K, Kaneko H, Nishioka J, Hukuda S. Intramedullary fibular graft for supracondylar fracture of the femur following total knee arthroplasty. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1998;117:103–104. doi: 10.1007/BF00703454.
    1. Wang JW, Wang CJ. Supracondylar fractures of the femur above total knee arthroplasties with cortical allograft struts. J Arthroplasty. 2002;17:365–372. doi: 10.1054/arth.2002.31077.
    1. Kumar A, Chambers I, Maistrelli G, Wong P. Management of periprosthethic fracture above total knee arthroplasty using intramedullary fibular allograft and plate fixation. J Arthroplasty. 2008;23(4):554–558. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2007.05.054.
    1. Koval KJ, Hoehl JJ, Kummer FJ, Simon JA. Distal femoral fixation: a biomechanical comparison of the standard condylar buttress plate, a locked buttress plate and the 95 degree blade plate. J Orthop Trauma. 1997;11:521–524. doi: 10.1097/00005131-199710000-00010.
    1. Marti A, Fankhauser C, Frenk A, Cordey J, Gasser B. Biomechanical evaluation of the less invasive stabilization system for the internal fixation of distal femur fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2001;15:482–487. doi: 10.1097/00005131-200109000-00004.
    1. Kregor PJ, Hughes JL, Cole PA. Fixation of distal femoral fractures above total knee arthroplasty utilizing the less invasive stabilization system (L.I.S.S.) Injury. 2001;32(Suppl 3):64–75. doi: 10.1016/S0020-1383(01)00185-1.
    1. Althausen PL, Lee MA, Finkemeier CG, Meehan JP, Rodrigo JJ. Operative stabilization of supracondylar femur fractures above total knee arthroplasty: a comparison of four treatment methods. J Arthroplasty. 2003;18:834–839. doi: 10.1016/S0883-5403(03)00339-5.
    1. Raab GE, Davis CM. Early healing with locked condylar plating of periprosthetic fractures around the knee. J Arthroplasty. 2005;20:984–989. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2005.03.040.
    1. Ricci WM, Loftus T, Cox C, Borrelli J. Locked plates combined with minimally invasive insertion technique for the treatment of periprosthetic supracondylar femur fractures above a total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Trauma. 2006;20:190–196. doi: 10.1097/00005131-200603000-00005.
    1. Ritter MA, Keating EM, Faris PM, Medring JB. Rush rod fixation of supracondylar fractures above total knee arthroplasties. J Arthroplasty. 1995;10:213–216. doi: 10.1016/S0883-5403(05)80130-5.
    1. Jabczenski FF, Crawford M. Retrograde intramedullary nailing of supracondylar femur fractures above total knee arthroplasty. A preliminary report of four cases. J Arthroplasty. 1995;10:95–101. doi: 10.1016/S0883-5403(05)80108-1.
    1. Murrell GAC, Nunley JA. Interlocked supracondylar intramedullary nails for supracondylar fractures after total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 1995;10:37–42.
    1. Rolston LR, Christ DJ, Halpern A, O’Connor PL, Ryan TG, Uggen WM. Treatment of supracondylar fractures of the femur proximal to a total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77A:924–931.
    1. Smith WJ, Martin SL, Mabrey JD. Use of a supracondylar nail for treatment of a supracondylar fracture of the femur following total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 1996;11:210–213. doi: 10.1016/S0883-5403(05)80021-X.
    1. Weber D, Pomeroy DL, Schaper LA, Badenhausen WE, Curry JI, Smith MW, Suthers KE. Supracondylar nailing of distal periprosthetic femoral fractures. Int Orthop. 2000;24:33–35. doi: 10.1007/s002640050008.
    1. Gliatis J, Megas P, Panagiotopoulos E, Lambiris E. Midterm results of treatment with a retrograde nail for supracondylar periprosthetic fractures of the femur following total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Trauma. 2005;19:164–170. doi: 10.1097/00005131-200503000-00003.
    1. Kumar A, Chambers I, Weiler P, Butt MS. Supracondylar nailing of periprosthetic fractures above total knee arthroplasties. J Orthop Traumaol. 2007;8:177–181. doi: 10.1007/s10195-007-0086-8.
    1. Bong MR, Egol KA, Koval KJ, Kummer FJ, Su ET, Iesaka K, Bayer J, Di Cesare PE. Comparison of the LISS and a retrograde-inserted supracondylar intramedullary nail for fixation of a periprosthetic distal femur fracture proximal to a total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2002;17:876–881. doi: 10.1054/arth.2002.34817.
    1. Biswas SP, Kurer MH, Mackenney RP. External fixation for femoral shaft fracture after Stanmore total knee replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1992;74B:313–314.
    1. Simon RG, Brinker MR. Use of Ilizarov external fixation for a periprosthetic supracondylar femur fracture. J Arthroplasty. 1999;14:118–121. doi: 10.1016/S0883-5403(99)90214-0.
    1. Hurson C, Synnott K, McCormack D. Above-knee Ilizarov external fixation for early periprosthetic supracondylar femoral fracture—a case report. Knee. 2005;12:145–147. doi: 10.1016/j.knee.2004.06.005.
    1. Chen F, Mont MA, Bachner RS. Management of ipsilateral supracondylar femur fractures following total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 1994;9:521–526. doi: 10.1016/0883-5403(94)90099-X.
    1. Srinivasan K, Macdonald DA, Tzioupis CC, Giannoudis PV. Role of long stem revision knee prosthesis in periprosthetic and complex distal femoral fractures: a review of eight patients. Injury. 2005;36:1094–1102. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2005.03.013.
    1. Harrison RJ, Jr, Thacker MM, Pitcher JD, Temple HT, Scully SP. Distal femur replacement is useful in complex total knee arthroplasty revisions. Clin Orthop. 2006;446:113–120. doi: 10.1097/01.blo.0000214433.64774.1b.
    1. Madsen F, Kjaersgaard-Andersen P, Juhl M, Sneppen O. A custom-made prosthesis for the treatment of supracondylar femoral fractures after total knee arthroplasty: report of four cases. J Orthop Trauma. 1989;3:332–337. doi: 10.1097/00005131-198912000-00013.
    1. Springer BD, Sim FH, Hanssen AD, Lewallen DG. The modular segmental kinematic rotating hinge for nonneoplastic limb salvage. Clin Orthop. 2004;421:181–187. doi: 10.1097/01.blo.0000126306.87452.59.
    1. McAuley JP, Sanchez FL. Periprosthetic fractures after major joint replacement. Knee-role and results of allografts. Orthop Clin North Am. 1999;30:293–303. doi: 10.1016/S0030-5898(05)70084-5.
    1. Kraay MJ, Goldberg VM, Figgie MP, Figgie HE., 3d Distal femoral replacement with allograft/prosthetic reconstruction for treatment of supracondylar fractures in patients with total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 1992;7:7–16. doi: 10.1016/0883-5403(92)90025-L.
    1. Kassab M, Zalzal P, Azores GMS, Pressman A, Liberman B, Gross AE. Management of periprosthetic femoral fractures after total knee arthroplasty using a distal femoral allograft. J Arthroplasty. 2004;19:361–368. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2003.11.003.
    1. Backstein D, Safir O, Gross A. Management of bone loss: structural grafts in revision total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop. 2006;446:104–112. doi: 10.1097/01.blo.0000214426.52206.2c.

Source: PubMed

3
Předplatit