Effects of a moderate-to-high intensity resistance circuit training on fat mass, functional capacity, muscular strength, and quality of life in elderly: A randomized controlled trial

Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo, Francisco Javier Orquin-Castrillón, Gemma María Gea-García, Ruperto Menayo-Antúnez, Noelia González-Gálvez, Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale, Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez, Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo, Francisco Javier Orquin-Castrillón, Gemma María Gea-García, Ruperto Menayo-Antúnez, Noelia González-Gálvez, Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale, Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez

Abstract

Physical exercise is considered an important intervention for promoting well-being and healthy aging. The objective was to determine the effects of moderate-to-high intensity resistance circuit training on different parameters of body composition, functional autonomy, muscular strength and quality of life in elderly. A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 45 subjects (27 females, 18 males) aged between 65-75 years old from Murcia (Spain) were divided by sex, and randomly to experimental group (n = 33, mean age 69 ± 3.2 years old) receiving 12 weeks of moderate-to-high intensity resistance circuit training and control group (n = 33, mean age 70 ± 4.1 years old) receiving no exercise intervention. Intra-group comparison, the experimental group showed a significant increment of lean body mass in women and men, which also presented a decrease of fat mass. Both sex presented a significant improve in functional autonomy, and significately higher values of muscular strength. But no changes were observed regarding quality of life in these groups. The control group did not show any differences pre and post-intervention in women, but in men presented an increment of body mass index and total weight post-intervention. No changes were showed in the other variables. Similar results were founded at inter-group comparison. The moderate-to-high intensity resistance circuit training showed increase in total lean body mass, improvements in functional capacity and significantly increase in upper and lower muscular strength in women and men. Progressive resistance circuit training should be promoted for the elderly as it has the potential to improve physical performance, thereby prolonging healthy independent aging.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of the sample.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Women pre-intervention and post-intervention comparison. *pValue 

Figure 3

Men pre-intervention and post-intervention comparison.…

Figure 3

Men pre-intervention and post-intervention comparison. *pValue

Figure 3
Men pre-intervention and post-intervention comparison. *pValue 
Similar articles
Cited by
References
    1. Izekenova AK, Kumar AB, Abikulova AK, Izekenova AK. Trends in ageing of the population and the life expectancy after retirement: A comparative country based analysis. J Res Med Sci. 2015;20:250–252. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Instituto de Mayores y Servicios Sociales (IMSERSO). Informe 2015. Las personas mayores en España, 2014. Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad; http://www.imserso.es/InterPresent1/groups/imserso/documents/binario/220... (2016).
    1. Vale RGS, et al. Effects of muscle strength and aerobic training on basal serum levels of IGF-1 and cortisol in elderly women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009;49:343–347. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2008.11.011. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Mayer F, et al. The intensity and effects of strength training in the elderly. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2011;108:359–364. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Stanga Z. Basics in clinical nutrition: Nutrition in the elderly. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2009;4:289–299.
Show all 82 references
Publication types
MeSH terms
Related information
[x]
Cite
Copy Download .nbib .nbib
Format: AMA APA MLA NLM
Figure 3
Figure 3
Men pre-intervention and post-intervention comparison. *pValue 

References

    1. Izekenova AK, Kumar AB, Abikulova AK, Izekenova AK. Trends in ageing of the population and the life expectancy after retirement: A comparative country based analysis. J Res Med Sci. 2015;20:250–252.
    1. Instituto de Mayores y Servicios Sociales (IMSERSO). Informe 2015. Las personas mayores en España, 2014. Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad; (2016).
    1. Vale RGS, et al. Effects of muscle strength and aerobic training on basal serum levels of IGF-1 and cortisol in elderly women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009;49:343–347. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2008.11.011.
    1. Mayer F, et al. The intensity and effects of strength training in the elderly. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2011;108:359–364.
    1. Stanga Z. Basics in clinical nutrition: Nutrition in the elderly. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2009;4:289–299.
    1. Chernoff R. Normal ageing, nutrition assessment and clinical practice. Nutr Clin Pract. 2003;18:12–20. doi: 10.1177/011542650301800112.
    1. Babiarczyk B, Turbiarz. A. Body Mass Index elderly people - reference ranges matter. Prog Health Sci. 2012;2:58–67.
    1. Donini LM, Savina C, Cannela C. Eating habits and appetite control in the elderly: the anorexia of ageing. Int Psychogeriatr. 2003;15:73–87. doi: 10.1017/S1041610203008779.
    1. Goulart AC, Rexrode KM. Health consequences of obesity in the elderly: a review. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep. 2007;1:340–347. doi: 10.1007/s12170-007-0055-z.
    1. Lechleitner M. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in the elderly - a mini-review. Gerontology. 2008;54:253–259. doi: 10.1159/000161734.
    1. Maggio CA, Pi-Sunyer FX. Obesity and type 2 diabetes. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2003;32:805–822. doi: 10.1016/S0889-8529(03)00071-9.
    1. Strasser B. & Schobersberger, W. Evidence of resistance training as a treatment therapy in obesity. J Obes. Article ID 482564, 1–9 (2011).
    1. Atkins JL, Whincup PH, Morris RW, Wannamethee SG. Low muscle mass in older men: the role of lifestyle, diet and cardiovascular risk factors. J Nutr Health Aging. 2014;18:26–33. doi: 10.1007/s12603-013-0336-9.
    1. Cabral ACA, et al. Body composition and functional autonomy of older adult women after a resistance training program. R. pesq.: cuid. fundam. Online. 2014;6:74–85.
    1. Dantas EHM, Figueira AH, Emygdio R, Vale RGS. Functional autonomy gdlam protocol classification pattern in elderly women. Indian J Appl Res. 2014;4:262–266. doi: 10.15373/2249555X/July2014/159.
    1. Peixoto JMB, Pivetta HMF, Piovesan AC. Fatores que predispõem a quedas em idosos residentes na região oeste de Santa Mara, RS. Rev. Bras. Geriatr. Gerontol. 2011;14:75–84. doi: 10.1590/S1809-98232011000100009.
    1. Faulkner JA, Larkin LM, Claflin DR, Brooks SV. Age-related changes in the structure and function of skeletal muscles. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2007;34:1091–1096. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04752.x.
    1. De Souto Barreto P, Cesari M, Andrieu S, Vellas B, Rolland Y. Physical Activity and Incident Chronic Diseases: A Longitudinal Observational Study in 16 European Countries. Am J Prev Med. 2016;52:373–378. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.08.028.
    1. Chodzko-Zajko WJ, et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41:1510–1530. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a0c95c.
    1. Nelson ME, et al. Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American college of sports medicine and the American heart association. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39:1435–1445. doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616aa2.
    1. Manini TM, Druger M, Ploutz-Snyder L. Misconceptions about strength exercise among older adults. J Aging Phys Act. 2005;13:422–433. doi: 10.1123/japa.13.4.422.
    1. Avila JJ, Gutierres JA, Sheehy ME, Lofgren IE, Delmonico MJ. Effect of moderate intensity resistance training during weight loss on body composition and physical performance in overweight older adults. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;109:517–525. doi: 10.1007/s00421-010-1387-9.
    1. Pereira FF, et al. Efecto del entrenamiento de fuerza sobre la autonomía funcional en mujeres mayores sanas. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2007;42:319–324. doi: 10.1016/S0211-139X(07)73570-9.
    1. Wallerstein LF, et al. Effects of Strength and Power Training on Neuromuscular Variables in Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act. 2012;20:171–185. doi: 10.1123/japa.20.2.171.
    1. Caserotti P, Aagaard P, Larsen JB, Puggaard L. Explosive heavy-resistance training in old and very old adults: changes in rapid muscle force, strength and power. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008;18:773–782. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00732.x.
    1. Hess JA, Woollacott M. Effect of high-intensity strength-training on functional measures of balance ability in balance-impaired older adults. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2005;28:582–590. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2005.08.013.
    1. Kalapotharakos VI, et al. The Effects of High- and Moderate-Resistance Training on Muscle Function in the Elderly. J Aging Phys Act. 2004;12:131–143. doi: 10.1123/japa.12.2.131.
    1. Kosek DJ, Kim J, Petrella JK, Cross JM, Bamman MM. Efficacy of 3 days/wk resistance training on myofiber hypertrophy and myogenic mechanisms in young vs. older adults. J Appl Physiol. 2006;101:531–544. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01474.2005.
    1. Seynnes O, et al. Physiological and functional responses to low-moderate versus high-intensity progressive resistance training in frail elders. J Gerontol A-Biol. 2004;59:503–509. doi: 10.1093/gerona/59.5.M503.
    1. Taaffe DR, Pruitt L, Pyka G, Guido D, Marcus R. Comparative effects of high- and low-intensity resistance training on thigh muscle strength, fiber area, and tissue composition in elderly women. Clin Physiol. 1996;16:381–392. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-097X.1996.tb00727.x.
    1. Trappe S, et al. Effect of resistance training on single muscle fiber contractile function in older men. J Appl Physiol. 2000;89:143–152. doi: 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.1.143.
    1. Hsieh PL, Tseng CH, Tseng YJ, Yang WS. Resistance training improves muscle function and cardiometabolic risks but not quality of life in older people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2016;45:65–76.
    1. Fatouros IG, et al. Strength training and detraining effects on muscular strength, anaerobic power, and mobility of inactive older men are intensity dependent. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39:776–780. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2005.019117.
    1. Wallerstein LF, et al. Effects of strength and power training on neuromuscular variables in older adults. J Aging Phys Act. 2012;20:171–185. doi: 10.1123/japa.20.2.171.
    1. Lucas-Carrasco R, Laidlaw K, Power M. Suitability of the WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD for Spanish older adults. Aging Ment Health. 2011;15:595–604. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2010.548054.
    1. Bauer J, et al. Evidence- based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: a position paper from the PROT-AGE Study Group. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14:542–559. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2013.05.021.
    1. Koopman R. Dietary protein and exercise training in ageing. Proc Nutr Soc. 2011;70:104–113. doi: 10.1017/S0029665110003927.
    1. Volpi E, et al. Is the optimal level of protein intake for older adults greater than the recommended dietary allowance? J Gerontol A-Biol. 2013;68:677–681. doi: 10.1093/gerona/gls229.
    1. World Health Organization (WHO). The World Health Report 2002, Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life, 2002, (2002).
    1. Kyle UG, et al. Bioelectrical impedance analysis—part II: utilization in clinical practice. Clin nutr. 2004;23(6):1430–1453. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2004.09.012.
    1. Dantas, E. H. M. & Oliveira, R. J. Exercício, maturidade e qualidade de vida (eds Datas, E. H. M. & Oliveira, R. J.) 49–94 (Shape 2003).
    1. Dantas EHM, Vale RGS. Protocolo GDLAM de avaliaçao da autonomia funcional. Fit. Perform. J. 2004;3:175–180.
    1. Vale, R. G. S., Soares-Pernambuco, C., Ferreira Emygdio, R., Marcos-Pardo, P. J. & Martín-Dantas, E. H. Avaliação da autonomia funcional (eds Vale, R. G. S., Soares-Pernambuco, C. & Martín-Dantas, E. H.) In Manual de avaliaçao do Idoso (Icone Editora 2016).
    1. Brzycki M. Strength testing: predicting a one-rep max from repetitions to fatigue. J Phys Educ Recreat Dance. 1993;64:88–90. doi: 10.1080/07303084.1993.10606684.
    1. Whisenant MJ, Panton LB, East WB, Broeder CE. Validation of submaximal prediction equations for the one repetition maximum bench press test on a group of collegiate football players. J Strength Cond Res. 2003;17:221–227.
    1. Robertson RJ, et al. Concurrent validation of the OMNI perceived exertion scale for resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35:333–341. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000048831.15016.2A.
    1. Liao CD, et al. Effects of elastic band exercise on lean mass and physical capacity in older women with sarcopenic obesity: A randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2018;8:2317. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20677-7.
    1. Power M, Quinn K, Schmidt S. The WHOQOL-OLD Group. Development of the WHOQOL-OLD module. Qual Life Res. 2005;14:2197–2214. doi: 10.1007/s11136-005-7380-9.
    1. Faigenbaum A, et al. Youth resistance training: Updated position statement paper from the National Strength and Conditioning Association. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23:S60–79. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31819df407.
    1. Marcos-Pardo, P. J. & Orquín-Castrillón, F. J. Autonomía Funcional y Sarcopenia: Efectos del entrenamiento de la Fuerza para la mejora de la Salud en personas mayores (eds Moreno-Murcia, J. A. & Costa, M.C.S.) In Motricidad Humana. Hacia una vida más saludable (Universidad Central de Chile 2016).
    1. Beck CW, Bliwise NG. Interactions are critical. CBE—Life Sci Educ. 2014;13(3):371–372. doi: 10.1187/cbe.14-05-0086.
    1. Richardson JT. Eta squared and partial eta squared as measures of effect size in educational research. Educ Res Rev. 2011;6(2):135–147. doi: 10.1016/j.edurev.2010.12.001.
    1. Geirsdottir OG, et al. Physical function predicts improvement in quality of life in elderly Icelanders after 12 weeks of resistance exercise. J Nutr Health Aging. 2012;16:62–66. doi: 10.1007/s12603-011-0076-7.
    1. Borba-Pinheiro CJ, et al. Resistance training programs on bone related variables and functional independence of postmenopausal women in pharmacological treatment: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2016;65:36–44. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2016.02.010.
    1. Garrido-Chamorro RP, Sirvent-Belando JE, Gonzalez-Lorenzo M, Martin-Carratala ML, Roche E. Correlation between body mass index and body composition in elite athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2009;49:278–284.
    1. Bahat G, et al. Which body mass index (BMI) is better in the elderly for functional status? Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012;54:78–81. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2011.04.019.
    1. Sculthorpe NF, Herbert P, Grace F. One session of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) every 5 days, improves muscle power but not static balance in lifelong sedentary ageing men: a randomized controlled trial. Medicine. 2017;96:e6040. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000006040.
    1. Fritz NB, et al. Positive Effects of a Short-Term Intense Elastic Resistance Training Program on Body Composition and Physical Functioning in Overweight Older Women. Biol Res Nurs. 2018;20(3):321–334. doi: 10.1177/1099800418757676.
    1. Bechshøft RL, et al. Improved skeletal muscle mass and strength after heavy strength training in very old individuals. Exp. Gerontol. 2017;92:96–105. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.03.014.
    1. Andersen TR, Schmidt JF, Pedersen MT, Krustrup P, Bangsbo J. The Effects of 52 Weeks of Soccer or Resistance Training on Body Composition and Muscle Function in +65-Year-Old Healthy Males – A Randomized Controlled Trial. PLOS ONE. 2016;11(2):e0148236. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148236.
    1. Gadelha AB, Paiva FM, Gauche R, de Oliveira RJ, Lima RM. Effects of resistance training on sarcopenic obesity index in older women: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2016;65:168–173. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2016.03.017.
    1. Amamou T, et al. Effect of a high-protein energy-restricted diet combined with resistance training on metabolic profile in older individuals with metabolic impairments. J Nutr Health Aging. 2017;21(1):67–74. doi: 10.1007/s12603-016-0760-8.
    1. Pilch, W. et al. The Effect of a 12-Week Health Training Program on Selected Anthropometric and Biochemical Variables in Middle-Aged Women. Biomed Res In. Article ID 9569513 1–7 (2017).
    1. Bemben MG, Massey BH, Bemben DA, Boileau RA, Misner JE. Age-related variability in body composition methods for assessment of percent fat and fat-free mass in men aged 20–74 years. Age Ageing. 1998;27:147–153. doi: 10.1093/ageing/27.2.147.
    1. Drewnowski A, Evans WJ. Nutrition, physical activity, and quality of life in older adults: summary. J Gerontol A-Biol. 2001;56:89–94. doi: 10.1093/gerona/56.suppl_2.89.
    1. Candow DG, Vogt E, Johannsmeyer S, Forbes SC, Farthing JP. Strategic creatine supplementation and resistance training in healthy older adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2015;40:689–694. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0498.
    1. Shaw BS, Gouveia M, McIntyre S, Shaw I. Anthropometric and cardiovascular responses to hypertrophic resistance training in postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2016;23:1176–1181. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000687.
    1. Fernandes Bertoni da Silva JG, Cader SA, Dopico X, Iglesias Soler E, Martin Dantas EH. Fortalecimiento muscular, nivel de fuerza muscular y autonomía funcional en una población de mujeres mayores. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2009;44(55):235–296.
    1. Karelis AD, Messier V, Suppère C, Briand P, Rabasa-Lhoret R. Effect of cysteine-rich whey protein (immunocal®) supplementation in combination with resistance training on muscle strength and lean body mass in non-frail elderly subjects: a randomized, double-blind controlled study. J Nutr Health Aging. 2015;19:531–536. doi: 10.1007/s12603-015-0442-y.
    1. Clemson L, et al. Integration of balance and strength training into daily life activity to reduce rate of falls in older people (the LiFEstudy): randomized parallel trial. BMJ. 2012;345:e4547. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e4547.
    1. Kwon HR, et al. The effects of resistance training on muscle and body fat mass and muscle strength in type 2 diabetic women. Korean Diabetes J. 2010;34:101–110. doi: 10.4093/kdj.2010.34.2.101.
    1. Daniel F, Vale RGS, Giani T, Bacellar S, Dantas EHM. Effects of Physical Activity Program on Static Balances and Functional Autonomy in Elderly Women. Malays J Med Sci. 2010;3:21–26.
    1. Garber CE, et al. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43:1334–1359. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb.
    1. American College of Sports Medicine [ACSM]. ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 9th edition. Philadelphia: Lipincott Williams & Wilkins (2014).
    1. Alencar NA, Júnior JVS, Aragão JCB, Ferreira MA, Dantas EHM. Nível de atividade física, autonomia funcional e qualidade de vida em idosas ativas e sedentárias. Fisioter. mov. 2010;23:473–481. doi: 10.1590/S0103-51502010000300014.
    1. Brunoni L, Schuch FB, Dias CP, Kruel LFM, Tiggeman CL. Treinamento de forca diminui os síntomas depressivos e melhora a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em idosas. Rev. bras. educ. fís. Esporte. 2015;29:189–196. doi: 10.1590/1807-55092015000200189.
    1. Rocha RER, Mineiro L, Boscatto EC, Mello MF. Aptidão funcional e qualidade de vida de idosos frequentadores de uma universidade aberta da maioridade. J Phys Educ. 2016;27:e2725. doi: 10.4025/jphyseduc.v27i1.2725.
    1. Todde, F. et al. A 12-Week Vigorous Exercise Protocol in a Healthy Group of Persons over 65: Study of Physical Function by means of the Senior Fitness Test. Biomed Res Int. Article ID 7639842 1–6 (2016).
    1. Mariano ER, Navarro F, Sauaia BA, Oliveira Junior MNS, Marques RF. Muscular strength and quality of life in elderly women. Rev. Bras. Geriatr. Gerontol. 2013;16:805–811. doi: 10.1590/S1809-98232013000400014.
    1. Marcos-Pardo PJ, Martínez-Rodríguez A, Gil-Arias A. Impact of a Motivational Resistance-Training Programme on Adherence and Body Composition in the Elderly. Sci Rep. 2018;8:1370. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19764-6.
    1. Stiggelbout M, Hopman-Rock M, Tak E, Lechner L, Van Mechelen W. Dropout from exercise programs for seniors: a prospective cohort study. J Aging Phys Act. 2005;13:406–421.
    1. Giusti Rossi P, Carnaz L, Bertollo WL, de Medeiros AC. Causes of drop out from a physical exercise supervised program specific to older adults. Fisioter Mov. 2018;31:e003133.

Source: PubMed

Sponzoři a spolupracovníci

Zdravotní podmínky

Drogové intervence

3
Předplatit