A guiding map for inflammation

Mihai G Netea, Frances Balkwill, Michel Chonchol, Fabio Cominelli, Marc Y Donath, Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Douglas Golenbock, Mark S Gresnigt, Michael T Heneka, Hal M Hoffman, Richard Hotchkiss, Leo A B Joosten, Daniel L Kastner, Martin Korte, Eicke Latz, Peter Libby, Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen, Alberto Mantovani, Kingston H G Mills, Kristen L Nowak, Luke A O'Neill, Peter Pickkers, Tom van der Poll, Paul M Ridker, Joost Schalkwijk, David A Schwartz, Britta Siegmund, Clifford J Steer, Herbert Tilg, Jos W M van der Meer, Frank L van de Veerdonk, Charles A Dinarello, Mihai G Netea, Frances Balkwill, Michel Chonchol, Fabio Cominelli, Marc Y Donath, Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Douglas Golenbock, Mark S Gresnigt, Michael T Heneka, Hal M Hoffman, Richard Hotchkiss, Leo A B Joosten, Daniel L Kastner, Martin Korte, Eicke Latz, Peter Libby, Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen, Alberto Mantovani, Kingston H G Mills, Kristen L Nowak, Luke A O'Neill, Peter Pickkers, Tom van der Poll, Paul M Ridker, Joost Schalkwijk, David A Schwartz, Britta Siegmund, Clifford J Steer, Herbert Tilg, Jos W M van der Meer, Frank L van de Veerdonk, Charles A Dinarello

Abstract

Biologists, physicians and immunologists have contributed to the understanding of the cellular participants and biological pathways involved in inflammation. Here, we provide a general guide to the cellular and humoral contributors to inflammation as well as to the pathways that characterize inflammation in specific organs and tissues.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The immunological mechanisms leading to the induction of inflammation during the first stages of host defense against invading pathogens. α1-antitrypsin (AAT), pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), membrane attack complex (MAC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), mannose binding lectin (MBL), macrophage or monocyte (Mϕ), C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand (CCL).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The regulatory mechanisms that modulate inflammation, leading to resolution after the invading pathogens have been eliminated. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), α1-antitrypsin (AAT), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1R1), interleukin-1 receptor type II (IL-1R2) tumour necrosis factor (TNF), soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR), TNF receptor type I/II (TNFR I/II), prostaglandin E2(PGE2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), macrophage or monocyte (Mϕ)

Source: PubMed

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