Lowering Saturated Fat and Increasing Vegetable and Fruit Intake May Increase Insulin Sensitivity 2 Years Later in Children with a Family History of Obesity

Andraea Van Hulst, Gilles Paradis, Soren Harnois-Leblanc, Andrea Benedetti, Vicky Drapeau, Mélanie Henderson, Andraea Van Hulst, Gilles Paradis, Soren Harnois-Leblanc, Andrea Benedetti, Vicky Drapeau, Mélanie Henderson

Abstract

Background: Identifying dietary factors that determine insulin sensitivity and secretion in children entering puberty may provide valuable information for the early prevention of type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: We assessed whether macronutrients and food groups are longitudinally associated with insulin sensitivity and secretion over a 2-y period in children with a family history of obesity, and whether associations differ by level of adiposity.

Methods: Data were derived from the Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth (QUALITY) Study, an ongoing prospective cohort including 630 children recruited at ages 8-10 y, with ≥1 obese parent, and followed 2 y later (n = 564). The intake of macronutrients and foods was assessed at baseline using three 24-h dietary recalls. At age 10-12 y, insulin sensitivity was assessed by the Matsuda Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI) and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Insulin secretion was assessed by the ratio of the area under the curve of insulin to the area under the curve of glucose at 30 min and at 120 min of an oral-glucose-tolerance test. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted for each dietary factor while adjusting for age, sex, puberty, physical activity, screen time, total energy intake, and percentage of body fat; and interaction terms between dietary factors and percentage of body fat were tested.

Results: Saturated fat intake was associated with a 1.95% lower (95% CI: -3.74%, -0.16%) Matsuda ISI, whereas vegetable and fruit intake was associated with a 2.35% higher (95% CI: 0.18%, 4.52%) Matsuda ISI 2 y later. The association of saturated fat intake with insulin sensitivity was most deleterious among children with a higher percentage of body fat (P-interaction = 0.023). Other than fiber intake, no longitudinal associations between dietary intake and insulin secretion were found.

Conclusions: Lowering saturated fat and increasing vegetable and fruit intakes during childhood may improve insulin sensitivity as children enter puberty. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03356262.

References

    1. Demmer RT, Zuk AM, Rosenbaum M, Desvarieux M. Prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus among US adolescents: results from the continuous NHANES, 1999–2010. Am J Epidemiol 2013;178(7):1106–13.
    1. Lambert M, Delvin EE, Levy E, O'Loughlin J, Paradis G, Barnett T, McGrath JJ. Prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors by weight status in a population-based sample of Quebec children and adolescents. Can J Cardiol 2008;24(7):575–83.
    1. May AL, Kuklina EV, Yoon PW. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors among US adolescents, 1999–2008. Pediatrics 2012;129(6):1035–41.
    1. Amed S, Dean HJ, Panagiotopoulos C, Sellers EA, Hadjiyannakis S, Laubscher TA, Dannenbaum D, Shah BR, Booth GL, Hamilton JK. Type 2 diabetes, medication-induced diabetes, and monogenic diabetes in Canadian children: a prospective national surveillance study. Diabetes Care 2010;33(4):786–91.
    1. Ley SH, Hamdy O, Mohan V, Hu FB. Prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: dietary components and nutritional strategies. Lancet 2014;383(9933):1999–2007.
    1. Casazza K, Dulin-Keita A, Gower BA, Fernandez JR. Relationships between reported macronutrient intake and insulin dynamics in a multi-ethnic cohort of early pubertal children. Int J Pediatr Obes 2009;4(4):249–56.
    1. Sunehag AL, Toffolo G, Treuth MS, Butte NF, Cobelli C, Bier DM, Haymond MW. Effects of dietary macronutrient content on glucose metabolism in children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87(11):5168–78.
    1. White J, Jago R, Thompson JL. Dietary risk factors for the development of insulin resistance in adolescent girls: a 3-year prospective study. Public Health Nutr 2014;17(2):361–8.
    1. Donin AS, Nightingale CM, Owen CG, Rudnicka AR, Perkin MR, Jebb SA, Stephen AM, Sattar N, Cook DG, Whincup PH. Regular breakfast consumption and type 2 diabetes risk markers in 9- to 10-year-old children in the Child Heart and Health Study in England (CHASE): a cross-sectional analysis. PLoS Med 2014;11(9):e1001703.
    1. Lin Y, Huybrechts I, Vereecken C, Mouratidou T, Valtuena J, Kersting M, Gonzalez-Gross M, Bolca S, Warnberg J, Cuenca-Garcia M et al. .. Dietary fiber intake and its association with indicators of adiposity and serum biomarkers in European adolescents: the HELENA study. Eur J Nutr 2015;54(5):771–82.
    1. Visuthranukul C, Sirimongkol P, Prachansuwan A, Pruksananonda C, Chomtho S. Low-glycemic index diet may improve insulin sensitivity in obese children. Pediatr Res 2015;78(5):567–73.
    1. Goletzke J, Herder C, Joslowski G, Bolzenius K, Remer T, Wudy SA, Roden M, Rathmann W, Buyken AE. Habitually higher dietary glycemic index during puberty is prospectively related to increased risk markers of type 2 diabetes in younger adulthood. Diabetes Care 2013;36(7):1870–6.
    1. Diederichs T, Herder C, Rossbach S, Roden M, Wudy SA, Nothlings U, Alexy U, Buyken AE. Carbohydrates from sources with a higher glycemic index during adolescence: is evening rather than morning intake relevant for risk markers of type 2 diabetes in young adulthood? Nutrients 2017;9(6), DOI: 10.3390/nu9060591.
    1. Damsgaard CT, Dalskov SM, Laursen RP, Ritz C, Hjorth MF, Lauritzen L, Sorensen LB, Petersen RA, Andersen MR, Stender S et al. .. Provision of healthy school meals does not affect the metabolic syndrome score in 8-11-year-old children, but reduces cardiometabolic risk markers despite increasing waist circumference. Br J Nutr 2014;112(11):1826–36.
    1. Lambert M, Van Hulst A, O'Loughlin J, Tremblay A, Barnett TA, Charron H, Drapeau V, Dubois J, Gray-Donald K, Henderson M et al. .. Cohort profile: the Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2012;41(6):1533–44.
    1. Johnson RK, Driscoll P, Goran MI. Comparison of multiple-pass 24-hour recall estimates of energy intake with total energy expenditure determined by doubly labeled water method in young children. J Am Diet Assoc 1996;96(11):1140–4.
    1. Health Canada Eating Well With Canada's Food Guide [cited 2017 Nov 15]. Available from: .
    1. Allard P, Delvin EE, Paradis G, Hanley JA, O'Loughlin J, Lavallee C, Levy E, Lambert M. Distribution of fasting plasma insulin, free fatty acids, and glucose concentrations and of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in a representative sample of Quebec children and adolescents. Clin Chem 2003;49(4):644–9.
    1. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985;28(7):412–9.
    1. Matsuda M, DeFronzo RA. Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp. Diabetes Care 1999;22(9):1462–70.
    1. Henderson M, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Bastard JP, Chiasson JL, Baillargeon JP, Hanley JA, Lambert M. Measuring insulin sensitivity in youth: how do the different indices compare with the gold-standard method? Diabetes Metab 2011;37(1):72–8.
    1. Henderson M, Baillargeon JP, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Chiasson JL, Hanley J, Lambert M. Estimating insulin secretion in youth using simple indices derived from the oral glucose tolerance test. Diabetes Metab 2012;38(4):309–15.
    1. Troiano RP, Berrigan D, Dodd KW, Masse LC, Tilert T, McDowell M. Physical activity in the United States measured by accelerometer. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008;40(1):181–8.
    1. Evenson KR. Calibration of two objective measures of physical activity for children. J Sports Sci 2008;26(14):1557–65.
    1. Trost SG, Loprinzi PD, Moore R, Pfeiffer KA. Comparison of accelerometer cut points for predicting activity intensity in youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011;43(7):1360–8.
    1. Marshall WA, Tanner JM. Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls. Arch Dis Child 1969;44(235):291–303.
    1. Marshall WA, Tanner JM. Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys. Arch Dis Child 1970;45(239):13–23.
    1. Cole TJ. Sympercents: symmetric percentage differences on the 100 log(e) scale simplify the presentation of log transformed data. Stat Med 2000;19(22):3109–25.
    1. Royston P, Sauerbrei W. Multivariable model-building: a pragmatic approach to regression analysis based on fractional polynomials for continuous variables. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley; 2008.
    1. Ericson U, Hellstrand S, Brunkwall L, Schulz CA, Sonestedt E, Wallstrom P, Gullberg B, Wirfalt E, Orho-Melander M. Food sources of fat may clarify the inconsistent role of dietary fat intake for incidence of type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2015;101(5):1065–80.
    1. Drouin-Chartier JP, Brassard D, Tessier-Grenier M, Cote JA, Labonte ME, Desroches S, Couture P, Lamarche B. Systematic review of the association between dairy product consumption and risk of cardiovascular-related clinical outcomes. Adv Nutr 2016;7(6):1026–40.
    1. Imamura F, Micha R, Wu JH, de Oliveira Otto MC, Otite FO, Abioye AI, Mozaffarian D. Effects of saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and carbohydrate on glucose-insulin homeostasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled feeding trials. PLoS Med 2016;13(7):e1002087.
    1. Damsgaard CT, Harslof LB, Andersen AD, Hellgren LI, Michaelsen KF, Lauritzen L. Fish oil supplementation from 9 to 18 months of age affects the insulin-like growth factor axis in a sex-specific manner in Danish infants. Br J Nutr 2016;115:782–90.
    1. Setayeshgar S, Ekwaru JP, Maximova K, Majumdar SR, Storey KE, McGavock J, Veugelers PJ. Dietary intake and prospective changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in children and youth. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017;42(1):39–45.
    1. Sears B, Perry M. The role of fatty acids in insulin resistance. Lipids Health Dis 2015;14:121.
    1. Riserus U. Fatty acids and insulin sensitivity. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2008;11(2):100–5.
    1. Mozaffarian D, de Oliveira Otto MC, Lemaitre RN, Fretts AM, Hotamisligil G, Tsai MY, Siscovick DS, Nettleton JA. trans-Palmitoleic acid, other dairy fat biomarkers, and incident diabetes: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Am J Clin Nutr 2013;97(4):854–61.
    1. Forouhi NG, Koulman A, Sharp SJ, Imamura F, Kroger J, Schulze MB, Crowe FL, Huerta JM, Guevara M, Beulens JW et al. .. Differences in the prospective association between individual plasma phospholipid saturated fatty acids and incident type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014;2(10):810–8.
    1. Astrup A. Yogurt and dairy product consumption to prevent cardiometabolic diseases: epidemiologic and experimental studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2014;99(5 Suppl):1235S–42S.
    1. Bel-Serrat S, Mouratidou T, Jimenez-Pavon D, Huybrechts I, Cuenca-Garcia M, Mistura L, Gottrand F, Gonzalez-Gross M, Dallongeville J, Kafatos A et al. .. Is dairy consumption associated with low cardiovascular disease risk in European adolescents? Results from the HELENA Study. Pediatr Obes 2014;9(5):401–10.
    1. Abreu S, Moreira P, Moreira C, Mota J, Moreira-Silva I, Santos PC, Santos R. Intake of milk, but not total dairy, yogurt, or cheese, is negatively associated with the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. Nutr Res 2014;34(1):48–57.
    1. Greenberg AS, Obin MS. Obesity and the role of adipose tissue in inflammation and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83(Suppl):461S–5S.
    1. Lindquist CH, Gower BA, Goran MI. Role of dietary factors in ethnic differences in early risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71(3):725–32.
    1. Henderson M, Benedetti A, Gray-Donald K. Dietary composition and its associations with insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in youth. Br J Nutr 2014;111(3):527–34.
    1. Cole SR, Chu H, Greenland S. Multiple-imputation for measurement-error correction. Int J Epidemiol 2006;35(4):1074–81.
    1. Patterson E, Warnberg J, Kearney J, Sjostrom M. The tracking of dietary intakes of children and adolescents in Sweden over six years: the European Youth Heart Study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2009;6:91.
    1. Statistics Canada Nutrition: Findings from the Canadian Community Health Survey — Overview of Canadian's Eating Habits. June 2017. Available from: . Accessed June 15, 2017.

Source: PubMed

Sponzoři a spolupracovníci

Zdravotní podmínky

Drogové intervence

3
Předplatit