Proactive community case management and child survival: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial

Caroline Whidden, Emily Treleaven, Jenny Liu, Nancy Padian, Belco Poudiougou, Sergio Bautista-Arredondo, Michael P Fay, Salif Samaké, Amadou B Cissé, Djoumé Diakité, Youssouf Keita, Ari D Johnson, Kassoum Kayentao, Caroline Whidden, Emily Treleaven, Jenny Liu, Nancy Padian, Belco Poudiougou, Sergio Bautista-Arredondo, Michael P Fay, Salif Samaké, Amadou B Cissé, Djoumé Diakité, Youssouf Keita, Ari D Johnson, Kassoum Kayentao

Abstract

Introduction: Community health workers (CHWs)-shown to improve access to care and reduce maternal, newborn, and child morbidity and mortality-are re-emerging as a key strategy to achieve health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, recent evaluations of national programmes for CHW-led integrated community case management (iCCM) of common childhood illnesses have not found benefits on access to care and child mortality. Developing innovative ways to maximise the potential benefits of iCCM is critical to achieving the SDGs.

Methods and analysis: An unblinded, cluster randomised controlled trial in rural Mali aims to test the efficacy of the addition of door-to-door proactive case detection by CHWs compared with a conventional approach to iCCM service delivery in reducing under-five mortality. In the intervention arm, 69 village clusters will have CHWs who conduct daily proactive case-finding home visits and deliver doorstep counsel, care, referral and follow-up. In the control arm, 68 village clusters will have CHWs who provide the same services exclusively out of a fixed community health site. A baseline population census will be conducted of all people living in the study area. All women of reproductive age will be enrolled in the study and surveyed at baseline, 12, 24 and 36 months. The survey includes a life table tracking all live births and deaths occurring prior to enrolment through the 36 months of follow-up in order to measure the primary endpoint: under-five mortality, measured as deaths among children under 5 years of age per 1000 person-years at risk of mortality.

Ethics and dissemination: The trial has received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Bamako. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, national and international conferences and workshops, and media outlets.

Trial registration number: NCT02694055; Pre-results.

Keywords: child health; child mortality; cluster randomized trial; community health workers; integrated community case management; maternal health.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: ABC, ADJ, CW, DD, KK and YK declare grants from Child Relief International Foundation and USAID Development Innovation Ventures.

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Map of study area; colours indicate the seven health catchment areas within which the trial is being conducted.

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