Impact of a Novel Training Approach on Hemodynamic and Vascular Profiles in Older Adults

Abstract

Exercise training beneficially moderates the effects of vascular aging. This study compared the efficacy of Peripheral Remodeling through Intermittent Muscular Exercise (PRIME), a novel training regimen, versus aerobic training on hemodynamic profiles in participants ≥70 years at risk for losing functional independence. Seventy-five participants (52 females, age: 76 ± 5 years) were assessed for hemodynamic and vascular function at baseline, after 4 weeks of either PRIME or aerobic training (Phase 1) and again after a further 8 weeks of aerobic and resistance training (Phase 2). Data were analyzed using 2 × 2 repeated-measures analysis of variance models on the change in each dependent variable. PRIME demonstrated reductions in brachial and aortic mean arterial pressure and diastolic blood pressure (p < .05) from baseline after Phase 1, which were sustained throughout Phase 2. Earlier and greater reductions in blood pressure following PRIME support the proposal that peripheral muscular training could beneficial for older individuals commencing an exercise program.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01899586.

Keywords: blood pressure; exercise; vascular stiffness; vasodilatory function.

Figures

Figure 1 —

Study design. Depiction of study design from randomization through Phases 1 and 2 of the clinical trial. AT = aerobic training; PRIME = Peripheral Remodeling through Intermittent Muscular Exercise; RT = resistance training; V1 = Visit 1; V2 = Visit 2; V3 = Visit 3.

Figure 2 —

Change in brachial and aortic blood pressure during Phase 1 (a and b) and Phase 2 (c and d). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. AT = aerobic training; PRIME = Peripheral Remodeling through Intermittent Muscular Exercise; SBP = systolic blood pressure; MAP = mean arterial pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; V1 = Visit 1; V2 = Visit 2; V3 = Visit 3. *Significance at p ≤ .05 for the change between V1 and V2 (a and b) and V2 and V3 (c and d) for the adjusted to baseline values. **Significance at p ≤ .05 for between group differences in change scores.

Figure 3 —

Change in %BAFMD during Phase 1. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. AT = aerobic training; PRIME = Peripheral Remodeling through Intermittent Muscular Exercise; V1 = Visit 1; V2 = Visit 2; %BAFMD = percentage of brachial artery flow mediated dilation; %ch = percent change. *Significance at p ≤ .05 for the change between V1 and V2 for the adjusted to baseline values.