A Protection Motivation Theory-Based Scale for Tobacco Research among Chinese Youth

Karen Macdonell, Xinguang Chen, Yaqiong Yan, Fang Li, Jie Gong, Huiling Sun, Xiaoming Li, Bonita Stanton, Karen Macdonell, Xinguang Chen, Yaqiong Yan, Fang Li, Jie Gong, Huiling Sun, Xiaoming Li, Bonita Stanton

Abstract

Rates of tobacco use among adolescents in China and other lower and middle-income countries remain high despite notable prevention and intervention programs. One reason for this may be the lack of theory-based research in tobacco use prevention in these countries. In the current study, a culturally appropriate 21-item measurement scale for cigarette smoking was developed based on the core constructs of Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). The scale was assessed among a sample of 553 Chinese vocational high school students. Results from correlational and measurement modeling analysis indicated adequate measurement reliability for the proposed PMT scale structure. The two PMT Pathways and the seven PMT constructs were significantly correlated with adolescent intention to smoke and actual smoking behavior. This study is the first to evaluate a PMT scale for cigarette smoking among Chinese adolescents. The scale provides a potential tool for assessing social cognitive processes underlying tobacco use. This is essential for understanding smoking behavior among Chinese youth and to support more effective tobacco use prevention efforts. Additional studies are needed to assess its utility for use with Chinese youth in other settings.

Keywords: Adolescents; Cigarette smoking; Protection Motivation Theory (PMT).

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Overview of Central Constructs of Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). behavior. Increases in Perceived Efficacy and declines in Perceived Costs will decrease the likelihood of selecting a maladaptive risk behavior.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Measurement modeling analysis of the threat appraisal. Intrinsic Rewards, 0.61 for Extrinsic Rewards, 0.73 for Self-Efficacy, 0.68 for Responsive Efficacy, and 0.59 for Response Cost respectively. The α coefficient for Vulnerability could be increased from 0.48 to 0.70 if item 4 (perceived likelihood to be addicted to smoking) was deleted.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Measurement modeling analysis of the coping appraisal.

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