Early postoperative MRI in detecting hematoma and dural compression after lumbar spinal decompression: prospective study of asymptomatic patients in comparison to patients requiring surgical revision

Abstract

Early postoperative MRI after spinal surgery is difficult to interpret because of confounding postoperative mass effects and frequent occurrence of epidural hematomas. Purpose of this prospective study is to evaluate prevalence, extent and significance of hematoma in the first postoperative week in asymptomatic patients after decompression for lumbar stenosis and to determine the degree of clinically significant dura compression by comparing with the patients with postoperative symptoms. MRI was performed in 30 asymptomatic patients (47 levels) in the first week after lumbar spine decompression for degenerative stenosis. Eleven patients requiring surgical revision (16 levels) for symptomatic early postoperative hematoma were used for comparison. In both groups the cross-sectional area of the maximum dural compression (bony stenosis and dural sac expansion) was measured preoperatively and postoperatively by an experienced radiologist. Epidural hematoma was seen in 42.5% in asymptomatic patients (20/47 levels). The median area of postoperative hematoma at the operated level was 176 mm(2) in asymptomatic patients and 365 mm(2) in symptomatic patients. The median cross-sectional area of the dural sac at the operated level was 128.5 and 0 mm(2) in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, respectively, at the site of maximal compression. In the symptomatic group 75% of the patients had a maximal postoperative dural sac area of 58.5 mm(2) or less, whereas in the asymptomatic group 75% of patients with epidural hematoma had an area of 75 mm(2) or more. The size of hematoma and the degree of dural sac compression were significantly larger in patients with symptoms needing surgical revision. Dural sac area of less than 75 mm(2) in early postoperative MRI was found to be the threshold for clinical significance.

Figures

Fig. 1

MRI of preoperative stenosis. Measurement of dural sac area

Fig. 2

Postoperative MRI without epidural hematoma. Measurement of dural sac area

Fig. 3

Postoperative MRI in an asymptomatic patient with hematoma. Measurement of epidural hematoma

Fig. 4

Postoperative MRI in a patient with compressive symptoms. Measurement of epidural hematoma