Effects of Diet Intervention on Body Composition in the Elderly with Chronic Kidney Disease

Kai-Yin Hung, Terry Ting-Yu Chiou, Chien-Hsing Wu, Ying-Chun Liao, Chian-Ni Chen, Pei-Hsin Yang, Hung-Jen Wang, Chien-Te Lee, Kai-Yin Hung, Terry Ting-Yu Chiou, Chien-Hsing Wu, Ying-Chun Liao, Chian-Ni Chen, Pei-Hsin Yang, Hung-Jen Wang, Chien-Te Lee

Abstract

Objective: It has been uncertain that low protein diet for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may predispose to malnutrition. The study aimed to investigate the effects of low protein diet on body composition of CKD patients and analyze the influence of age. Methods: Patients with glomerular filtration rate less than 45 mL/min/1.73m2 including 103 elderly (70.7 ± 6.9 years old) and 56 non-elderly (49.8 ± 9.1 years old) CKD patients were enrolled. All patients were educated by dietitians to take low protein diet and were followed up regularly every three months. Their demographic data, underlying disease and body mass index (BMI) were reviewed and recorded. Results of body composition measurement and laboratory tests were collected every three months for one year. Results: At baseline, the distribution of body composition was similar in non-elderly patients between non-low and low protein groups. In the elderly, patients in low protein group had higher fat and lower muscle percentage. In one-year follow-up, non-elderly patients did not present significant changes in their BMI, serum albumin level and body compositions in both protein groups. Non-low protein group in elderly patients had significant decrease in BMI and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after 12 months (both p< 0.05). Determination in body composition showed decrease in fat and increase in muscle component. In low protein group, their BMI was decreased and eGFR was not influenced. Fat component was decreased and muscle percentage was increased in one-year follow-up. Conclusions: In elderly CKD patients, low protein diet maintained good nutritional status and muscle mass was preserved.

Keywords: Body composition; chronic kidney disease; low protein diet; muscle mass..

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Changes of muscle percentage with 3-month intervals compared to baseline in one-year follow-up. * p

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Source: PubMed

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