Interval training based on ventilatory anaerobic threshold increases cardiac vagal modulation and decreases high-sensitivity c-reative protein: randomized clinical trial in coronary artery disease

Nayara Y Tamburus, Roberta F L Paula, Vandeni C Kunz, Marcelo C César, Marlene A Moreno, Ester da Silva, Nayara Y Tamburus, Roberta F L Paula, Vandeni C Kunz, Marcelo C César, Marlene A Moreno, Ester da Silva

Abstract

Background: Autonomic dysfunction and inflammatory activity are involved in the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD), and exercise training has been shown to confer a cardiovascular benefit.

Objective: To evaluate the effects that interval training (IT) based on ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) has on heart rate variability (HRV) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, as well as the relationship between both levels, in patients with CAD and/or cardiovascular risk factors (RF).

Method: Forty-two men (aged 57.88±6.20 years) were divided into two training groups, CAD-T (n= 12) and RF-T (n= 10), and two control groups, CAD-C (n= 10) and RF-C (n=10). Heart rate and RR intervals in the supine position, cardiopulmonary exercise tests, and hs-CRP levels were measured before and after IT. HRV was analyzed by spectral and symbolic analysis. The CAD-T and RF-T underwent a 16-week IT program of three weekly sessions at training intensities based on the VAT.

Results: In the RF-T, cardiac sympathetic modulation index and hs-CRP decreased (p<0.02), while cardiac parasympathetic modulation index increased (p<0.02). In the CAD-T, cardiac parasympathetic modulation index increased, while hs-CRP, systolic, and diastolic blood pressures decreased (p<0.02). Both control groups showed increase in hs-CRP parameters (p<0.02). There was a strong and significant association between parasympathetic and sympathetic modulations with hs-CRP.

Conclusion: The IT program based on the VAT promoted a decrease in hs-CRP associated with improvement in cardiac autonomic modulation.

Figures

Figure 1. Flowchart showing patient participation in…
Figure 1. Flowchart showing patient participation in the study. CAD-T= trained group with patients with coronary artery disease; CAD-C= control group with patients with coronary artery disease; RF-T= trained group with patients with cardiovascular risk factors; RF-C= control group with patients with cardiovascular risk factors.
Figure 2. Visual presentation of intensity levels…
Figure 2. Visual presentation of intensity levels and duration performed during of interval training. VAT= ventilatory anaerobic threshold.

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Source: PubMed

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