Effects of losartan and enalapril on serum uric acid and GFR in children with proteinuria

Charlotte E Bryant, Azita Rajai, Nicholas J A Webb, Ronald J Hogg, Charlotte E Bryant, Azita Rajai, Nicholas J A Webb, Ronald J Hogg

Abstract

Background: Studies have shown that losartan reduces serum uric acid in adults, unlike angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. A previous study demonstrated that losartan and enalapril had comparable effects on proteinuria in children.

Methods: We conducted a post hoc analysis of results from a prospective trial in which the proteinuria-reducing effects of losartan and enalapril were compared. We have now evaluated (a) the effects of these medications on SUA in 248 children with proteinuria and (b) the correlation between changes in SUA and eGFR.

Results: SUA levels after 36 months were found to be increased when compared to baseline in both losartan and enalapril groups. The mean change in SUA from baseline was significantly different at 12 months between 23 hypertensive patients randomised to losartan (3.69% decrease [95% CI 11.31%, 3.93%]) and 24 randomised to enalapril (12.57% increase [95% CI 3.72%, 21.41%]), p = 0.007. This significant difference remained after 24, 30 and 36 months but was observed in the entire group of 248 patients only at 12 months. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between changes in SUA and changes in eGFR at each time point over 36 months.

Conclusions: Losartan may have long-term beneficial effects on SUA and eGFR in children with proteinuria.

Keywords: Children; Chronic kidney disease (CKD); Hypertension; Hyperuricemia; Proteinuria.

© 2021. The Author(s).

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Study participant flow
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Percentage change in SUA over 36-month follow-up obtained after antilog transformation of the estimations from mixed-effect model with time interaction by treatment (losartan/enalapril), gender, stratum factor 1 (normotensive/hypertensive), stratum factor 2 (treatment at the first stage of study; losartan/amlodipine/placebo) and time as covariate, in a all patients, b normotensive patients and c hypertensive patients
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Change in log(SUA) vs. change in log(eGFR)

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