Functional social support, psychological capital, and depressive and anxiety symptoms among people living with HIV/AIDS employed full-time

Li Liu, Ran Pang, Wei Sun, Ming Wu, Peng Qu, Chunming Lu, Lie Wang, Li Liu, Ran Pang, Wei Sun, Ming Wu, Peng Qu, Chunming Lu, Lie Wang

Abstract

Background: Psychological distress (e.g., depression and anxiety) has been regarded as the main cause of leaving work for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in workplaces. This study aims to explore the associations of functional social support (FSS) and psychological capital (PC) with depressive and anxiety symptoms among PLWHA employed full-time.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Liaoning, China, during the period of December 2010-April 2011. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire, and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire were completed by PLWHA employed full-time. Structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed relationships between variables. Asymptotic and resampling strategies were performed to explore the mediating roles of PC and its components (self-efficacy, hope, optimism, resilience).

Results: Of 320 participants surveyed, 66.3% had depressive symptoms, and 45.6% had anxiety symptoms. Significant negative associations of FSS and PC with depressive and anxiety symptoms were revealed. PC (a*b = -0.209, BCa 95% CI: -0.293, -0.137, p < 0.05), hope (a*b = -0.103, BCa 95% CI: -0.192, -0.034, p < 0.05), and optimism (a*b = -0.047, BCa 95% CI: -0.106, -0.008, p < 0.05) significantly mediated the association between FSS and depressive symptoms. PC (a*b = -0.151, BCa 95% CI: -0.224, -0.095, p < 0.05) and self-efficacy (a*b = -0.080, BCa 95% CI: -0.158, -0.012, p < 0.05) significantly mediated the FSS-anxiety symptoms association.

Conclusions: FSS and PC could help reduce depressive and anxiety symptoms among PLWHA employed full-time. PC fully mediates the associations of FSS with depressive and anxiety symptoms. In addition to enhancing FSS, PC development could be included in the prevention and treatment strategies for depressive and anxiety symptoms targeted at PLWHA employed full-time.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Indirect pathways of functional social support with depressive and anxiety symptoms through psychological capital. PC, psychological capital; FSS, functional social support. PC fully mediated the associations of FSS with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Control variables (included, but not pictured) are age, gender, education, monthly income, cART treatment, and months since HIV-seropositive. **p < 0.01.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Indirect pathways of functional social support with depressive and anxiety symptoms through psychological capital’s components. FSS, functional social support. Significant mediating roles of hope and optimism on the association between FSS and depressive symptoms were revealed. In addition, self-efficacy significantly mediated the association between FSS and anxiety symptoms. Control variables (included, but not pictured) are age, gender, education, monthly income, cART treatment, and months since HIV-seropositive. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

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