Genomic and clinical effects associated with a relaxation response mind-body intervention in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease
Braden Kuo, Manoj Bhasin, Jolene Jacquart, Matthew A Scult, Lauren Slipp, Eric Isaac Kagan Riklin, Veronique Lepoutre, Nicole Comosa, Beth-Ann Norton, Allison Dassatti, Jessica Rosenblum, Andrea H Thurler, Brian C Surjanhata, Nicole N Hasheminejad, Leslee Kagan, Ellen Slawsby, Sowmya R Rao, Eric A Macklin, Gregory L Fricchione, Herbert Benson, Towia A Libermann, Joshua Korzenik, John W Denninger, Braden Kuo, Manoj Bhasin, Jolene Jacquart, Matthew A Scult, Lauren Slipp, Eric Isaac Kagan Riklin, Veronique Lepoutre, Nicole Comosa, Beth-Ann Norton, Allison Dassatti, Jessica Rosenblum, Andrea H Thurler, Brian C Surjanhata, Nicole N Hasheminejad, Leslee Kagan, Ellen Slawsby, Sowmya R Rao, Eric A Macklin, Gregory L Fricchione, Herbert Benson, Towia A Libermann, Joshua Korzenik, John W Denninger
Abstract
Introduction: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) can profoundly affect quality of life and are influenced by stress and resiliency. The impact of mind-body interventions (MBIs) on IBS and IBD patients has not previously been examined.
Methods: Nineteen IBS and 29 IBD patients were enrolled in a 9-week relaxation response based mind-body group intervention (RR-MBI), focusing on elicitation of the RR and cognitive skill building. Symptom questionnaires and inflammatory markers were assessed pre- and post-intervention, and at short-term follow-up. Peripheral blood transcriptome analysis was performed to identify genomic correlates of the RR-MBI.
Results: Pain Catastrophizing Scale scores improved significantly post-intervention for IBD and at short-term follow-up for IBS and IBD. Trait Anxiety scores, IBS Quality of Life, IBS Symptom Severity Index, and IBD Questionnaire scores improved significantly post-intervention and at short-term follow-up for IBS and IBD, respectively. RR-MBI altered expression of more genes in IBD (1059 genes) than in IBS (119 genes). In IBD, reduced expression of RR-MBI response genes was most significantly linked to inflammatory response, cell growth, proliferation, and oxidative stress-related pathways. In IBS, cell cycle regulation and DNA damage related gene sets were significantly upregulated after RR-MBI. Interactive network analysis of RR-affected pathways identified TNF, AKT and NF-κB as top focus molecules in IBS, while in IBD kinases (e.g. MAPK, P38 MAPK), inflammation (e.g. VEGF-C, NF-κB) and cell cycle and proliferation (e.g. UBC, APP) related genes emerged as top focus molecules.
Conclusions: In this uncontrolled pilot study, participation in an RR-MBI was associated with improvements in disease-specific measures, trait anxiety, and pain catastrophizing in IBS and IBD patients. Moreover, observed gene expression changes suggest that NF-κB is a target focus molecule in both IBS and IBD-and that its regulation may contribute to counteracting the harmful effects of stress in both diseases. Larger, controlled studies are needed to confirm this preliminary finding.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT02136745.
Conflict of interest statement
Competing Interests: The authors have the following conflicts to report: Dr. Kuo consults for Genova Diagnostics, Furiex, and Given Imaging. Dr. Kuo receives funding from Given and Furiex for clinical trials, unrelated to this particular study. Dr. Macklin serves on the DSMBs for Lantheus Medical Imaging, Shire Human Genetic Therapies, and Civitas Therapeutics. Dr. Denninger receives support for unrelated investigator-initiated studies from Onyx Pharmaceuticals and Basis. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Figures
References
- Drossman DA. The functional gastrointestinal disorders and the Rome III process. Gastroenterology. 2006;130: 1377–90. 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.03.008
- Blanchard EB, Lackner JM, Sanders K, Krasner S, Keefer L, Payne A, et al. A controlled evaluation of group cognitive therapy in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Behav Res Ther. 2007;45: 633–48. 10.1016/j.brat.2006.07.003
- Kearney DJ, Brown-Chang J. Complementary and alternative medicine for IBS in adults: mind-body interventions. Nat Clin Pr Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;5: 624–36. 10.1038/ncpgasthep1257
- Lackner JM, Jaccard J, Krasner SS, Katz LA, Gudleski GD, Blanchard EB. How does cognitive behavior therapy for irritable bowel syndrome work? A mediational analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Gastroenterology. 2007;133: 433–44. 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.05.014
- Blanchard EB, Schwarz SP. Two-year follow-up of behavioral treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Behav Ther. 1988;19: 67–73.
- Elsenbruch S, Langhorst J, Popkirowa K, Muller T, Luedtke R, Franken U, et al. Effects of mind-body therapy on quality of life and neuroendocrine and cellular immune functions in patients with ulcerative colitis. Psychother Psychosom. 2005;74: 277–87. 10.1159/000086318
- Guthrie E, Creed F, Dawson D, Tomenson B. A controlled trial of psychological treatment for the irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 1991;100: 450–7.
- Keefer L, Blanchard EB. A one year follow-up of relaxation response meditation as a treatment for irritable bowel syndrome. Behav Res Ther. 2002;40: 541–6.
- Neff DF, Blanchard E.B. A multi-component treatment for irritable bowel syndrome. Behav Ther. 1987;18: 70–83.
- Schwarz SP, Blanchard EB, Neff DF. Behavioral treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a 1-year follow-up study. Biofeedback Self Regul. 1986;11: 189–98.
- Schwarz SP, Taylor AE, Scharff L, Blanchard EB. Behaviorally treated irritable bowel syndrome patients: a four-year follow-up. Behav Res Ther. 1990;28: 331–5.
- Timmer A, Preiss JC, Motschall E, Rucker G, Jantschek G, Moser G. Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011; CD006913. 10.1002/14651858.CD006913.pub2
- Zijdenbos IL, de Wit NJ, van der Heijden GJ, Rubin G, Quartero AO. Psychological treatments for the management of irritable bowel syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009; CD006442. 10.1002/14651858.CD006442.pub2
- Labus J, Gupta A, Gill HK, Posserud I, Mayer M, Raeen H, et al. Randomised clinical trial: symptoms of the irritable bowel syndrome are improved by a psycho-education group intervention. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 37: 304–15. 10.1111/apt.12171
- Mahvi-Shirazi M, Fathi-Ashtiani A, Rasoolzade-Tabatabaei SK, Amini M. Irritable bowel syndrome treatment: cognitive behavioral therapy versus medical treatment. Arch Med Sci. 2012;8: 123–129. 10.5114/aoms.2012.27292
- Moser G, Tragner S, Gajowniczek EE, Mikulits A, Michalski M, Kazemi-Shirazi L, et al. Long-term success of GUT-directed group hypnosis for patients with refractory irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108: 602–9. 10.1038/ajg.2013.19
- Flik CE, van Rood YR, Laan W, Smout AJ, Weusten BL, Whorwell PJ, et al. A randomised controlled trial on hypnotherapy for irritable bowel syndrome: design and methodological challenges (the IMAGINE study). BMC Gastroenterol. 2011;11: 137 10.1186/1471-230X-11-137
- Lackner JM, Keefer L, Jaccard J, Firth R, Brenner D, Bratten J, et al. The Irritable Bowel Syndrome Outcome Study (IBSOS): rationale and design of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with 12 month follow up of self- versus clinician-administered CBT for moderate to severe irritable bowel syndrome. Contemp Clin Trials. 2012;33: 1293–310. 10.1016/j.cct.2012.07.013
- Mittermaier C, Dejaco C, Waldhoer T, Oefferlbauer-Ernst A, Miehsler W, Beier M, et al. Impact of depressive mood on relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective 18-month follow-up study. Psychosom Med. 2004;66: 79–84.
- Ananthakrishnan AN, Khalili H, Pan A, Higuchi LM, de Silva P, Richter JM, et al. Association between depressive symptoms and incidence of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis: results from the Nurses’ Health Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11: 57–62. 10.1016/j.cgh.2012.08.032
- Mizrahi MC, Reicher-Atir R, Levy S, Haramati S, Wengrower D, Israeli E, et al. Effects of guided imagery with relaxation training on anxiety and quality of life among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Psychol Health. 2012;27: 1463–79. 10.1080/08870446.2012.691169
- Dusek JA, Benson H. Mind-body medicine: a model of the comparative clinical impact of the acute stress and relaxation responses. Minn Med. 2009;92: 47–50.
- Cannon WB. The wisdom of the body New York: Norton; 1932.
- Samuelson M, Foret M, Baim M, Lerner J, Fricchione G, Benson H, et al. Exploring the effectiveness of a comprehensive mind-body intervention for medical symptom relief. J Altern Complement Med. 2010;16: 187–92. 10.1089/acm.2009.0142
- Dusek JA, Hibberd PL, Buczynski B, Chang BH, Dusek KC, Johnston JM, et al. Stress management versus lifestyle modification on systolic hypertension and medication elimination: a randomized trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2008;14: 129–38. 10.1089/acm.2007.0623
- Casey A, Chang BH, Huddleston J, Virani N, Benson H, Dusek JA. A model for integrating a mind/body approach to cardiac rehabilitation: outcomes and correlators. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2009;29: 230–8; quiz 239–40. 10.1097/HCR.0b013e3181a33352
- Bhasin MK, Dusek JA, Chang BH, Joseph MG, Denninger JW, Fricchione GL, et al. Relaxation response induces temporal transcriptome changes in energy metabolism, insulin secretion and inflammatory pathways. PLoS One. 2013;8: e62817 10.1371/journal.pone.0062817
- Dusek JA, Otu HH, Wohlhueter AL, Bhasin M, Zerbini LF, Joseph MG, et al. Genomic counter-stress changes induced by the relaxation response. PLoS One. 2008;3: e2576 10.1371/journal.pone.0002576
- Creswell JD, Irwin MR, Burklund LJ, Lieberman MD, Arevalo JM, Ma J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction training reduces loneliness and pro-inflammatory gene expression in older adults: a small randomized controlled trial. Brain Behav Immun. 26: 1095–101. 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.07.006
- Antoni MH, Lutgendorf SK, Blomberg B, Carver CS, Lechner S, Diaz A, et al. Cognitive-behavioral stress management reverses anxiety-related leukocyte transcriptional dynamics. Biol Psychiatry. 2012;71: 366–372. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.10.007
- Spielberger C. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y) Manual. Palo Alto, CA: Mind Garden; 1983.
- Sullivan MJL, Bishop SR, Pivik J. The pain catastrophizing scale: development and validation. Psychol Assess. 1995;7: 524–532.
- Cleeland CS. The Brief Pain Inventory User Guide [Internet]. Houston, Texas; 2009. The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center website; Available: . Accessed 13 March 2015.
- Patrick D, Drossman DA, Frederick IO, DiCesare J, Puder KL. Quality of life in persons with irritable bowel syndrome: development and validation of a new measure. Dig Dis Sci. 1998;43: 400–411.
- Francis CY, Morris J, Whorwell PJ. The irritable bowel severity scoring system: a simple method of monitoring irritable bowel syndrome and its progress. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1997;11: 395–402.
- Guyatt G MA, Irvine EJ, Singer J, Williams N, Goodacre R, Tompkins C. A new measure of health status for clinical trials in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 1989;96: 804–810.
- Irizarry RA, Hobbs B, Collin F, Beazer-Barclay YD, Antonellis KJ, Scherf U, et al. Exploration, normalization, and summaries of high density oligonucleotide array probe level data. Biostat Oxf Engl. 2003;4: 249–264. 10.1093/biostatistics/4.2.249
- Johnson WE, Li C, Rabinovic A. Adjusting batch effects in microarray expression data using empirical Bayes methods. Biostat Oxf Engl. 2007;8: 118–127. 10.1093/biostatistics/kxj037
- Huang DW, Sherman BT, Tan Q, Kir J, Liu D, Bryant D, et al. DAVID Bioinformatics Resources: expanded annotation database and novel algorithms to better extract biology from large gene lists. Nucleic Acids Res. 2007;35: W169–W175. 10.1093/nar/gkm415
- Subramanian A, Tamayo P, Mootha VK, Mukherjee S, Ebert BL, Gillette MA, et al. Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U A. 2005;102: 15545–50. 10.1073/pnas.0506580102
- Merico D, Isserlin R, Stueker O, Emili A, Bader GD. Enrichment map: a network-based method for gene-set enrichment visualization and interpretation. PloS One. 2010;5: e13984 10.1371/journal.pone.0013984
- Shannon P, Markiel A, Ozier O, Baliga NS, Wang JT, Ramage D, et al. Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks. Genome Res. 2003;13: 2498–2504. 10.1101/gr.1239303
- Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y. Controlling the False Discovery Rate: a Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing. J R Stat Soc Ser B Methodol. 1995;57: 289–300.
- Fukuhara S, Sakurai A, Sano H, Yamagishi A, Somekawa S, Takakura N, et al. Cyclic AMP potentiates vascular endothelial cadherin-mediated cell-cell contact to enhance endothelial barrier function through an Epac-Rap1 signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biol. 2005;25: 136–146. 10.1128/MCB.25.1.136-146.2005
- Husebye H, Aune MH, Stenvik J, Samstad E, Skjeldal F, Halaas O, et al. The Rab11a GTPase controls Toll-like receptor 4-induced activation of interferon regulatory factor-3 on phagosomes. Immunity. 2010;33: 583–596. 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.09.010
- McGuckin MA, Eri RD, Das I, Lourie R, Florin TH. ER stress and the unfolded protein response in intestinal inflammation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2010;298: G820–832. 10.1152/ajpgi.00063.2010
- Feng X, Ippolito GC, Tian L, Wiehagen K, Oh S, Sambandam A, et al. Foxp1 is an essential transcriptional regulator for the generation of quiescent naive T cells during thymocyte development. Blood. 2010;115: 510–518. 10.1182/blood-2009-07-232694
- Litvak V, Ratushny AV, Lampano AE, Schmitz F, Huang AC, Raman A, et al. A FOXO3-IRF7 gene regulatory circuit limits inflammatory sequelae of antiviral responses. Nature. 2012;490: 421–425. 10.1038/nature11428
- Han X, Osuntokun B, Benight N, Loesch K, Frank SJ, Denson LA. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5b Promotes Mucosal Tolerance in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease and Murine Colitis. Am J Pathol. 2006;169: 1999–2013. 10.2353/ajpath.2006.060186
- Vogtenhuber C, Bucher C, Highfill SL, Koch LK, Goren E, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, et al. Constitutively active Stat5b in CD4+ T cells inhibits graft-versus-host disease lethality associated with increased regulatory T-cell potency and decreased T effector cell responses. Blood. 2010;116: 466–474. 10.1182/blood-2009-11-252825
- Song M-S, Cho Y-H, Park S-J, Pascua PNQ, Baek YH, Kwon H-I, et al. Early regulation of viral infection reduces inflammation and rescues mx-positive mice from lethal avian influenza infection. Am J Pathol. 2013;182: 1308–1321. 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.12.022
- Karp SM, Koch TR. Oxidative stress and antioxidants in inflammatory bowel disease. Dis—Mon DM. 2006;52: 199–207. 10.1016/j.disamonth.2006.05.005
- Almenier HA, Al Menshawy HH, Maher MM, Al Gamal S. Oxidative stress and inflammatory bowel disease. Front Biosci Elite Ed. 2012;4: 1335–1344.
- Rezaie A, Parker RD, Abdollahi M. Oxidative stress and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease: an epiphenomenon or the cause? Dig Dis Sci. 2007;52: 2015–2021. 10.1007/s10620-006-9622-2
- Morgan XC, Tickle TL, Sokol H, Gevers D, Devaney KL, Ward DV, et al. Dysfunction of the intestinal microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease and treatment. Genome Biol. 2012;13: R79 10.1186/gb-2012-13-9-r79
- Kruidenier L, Kuiper I, Lamers CBHW, Verspaget HW. Intestinal oxidative damage in inflammatory bowel disease: semi-quantification, localization, and association with mucosal antioxidants. J Pathol. 2003;201: 28–36. 10.1002/path.1409
- Lowen MB, Mayer EA, Sjoberg M, Tillisch K, Naliboff B, Labus J, et al. Effect of hypnotherapy and educational intervention on brain response to visceral stimulus in the irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;37: 1184–97. 10.1111/apt.12319
- Kokkotou E, Conboy LA, Ziogas DC, Quilty MT, Kelley JM, Davis RB, et al. Serum correlates of the placebo effect in irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil Off J Eur Gastrointest Motil Soc. 2010;22: 285–e81. 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01440.x
- Broom OJ, Widjaya B, Troelsen J, Olsen J, Nielsen OH. Mitogen activated protein kinases: a role in inflammatory bowel disease? Clin Exp Immunol. 2009;158: 272–80. 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04033.x
- Kohane IS, Valtchinov VI. Quantifying the white blood cell transcriptome as an accessible window to the multiorgan transcriptome. Bioinformatics. 2012;28: 538–45. 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr713
- Rollins B, Martin MV, Morgan L, Vawter MP. Analysis of whole genome biomarker expression in blood and brain. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2010;153B: 919–36. 10.1002/ajmg.b.31062
- Woelk CH, Singhania A, Perez-Santiago J, Glatt SJ, Tsuang MT. The utility of gene expression in blood cells for diagnosing neuropsychiatric disorders. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2011;101: 41–63. 10.1016/B978-0-12-387718-5.00003-1
Source: PubMed