Size of carotid artery intraplaque hemorrhage and acute ischemic stroke: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance Chinese atherosclerosis risk evaluation study

Yang Liu, Maoxue Wang, Bing Zhang, Wei Wang, Yun Xu, Yongjun Han, Chun Yuan, Xihai Zhao, Yang Liu, Maoxue Wang, Bing Zhang, Wei Wang, Yun Xu, Yongjun Han, Chun Yuan, Xihai Zhao

Abstract

Background: To determine the usefulness of the size of carotid artery intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) in discriminating the risk of acute ischemic stroke using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) vessel wall imaging.

Methods: Symptomatic patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque who participated in a cross-sectional, multicenter study of CARE-II (NCT02017756) were included. All patients underwent carotid and brain CMR imaging. Carotid plaque burden and the size of plaque compositions including calcification, lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC), and IPH were measured. Presence of acute cerebral infarct (ACI) in ipsilateral hemisphere of carotid plaque was determined. The relationship between carotid plaque features and presence of ipsilateral ACI was then analyzed.

Results: Of 687 recruited patients (62.7 ± 10.1 years; 69.4% males) with carotid plaque, 28.5% had ACI in ipsilateral hemispheres. Logistic regression revealed that carotid plaque burden was significantly associated with the presence of ACI before and after adjusted for clinical confounding factors. The volume of LRNC, %LRNC volume, volume of IPH, and %IPH volume were significantly associated with ACI before (volume of LRNC: OR = 1.297, p = 0.005; %LRNC volume: OR = 1.119, p = 0.018; volume of IPH: OR = 2.514, p = 0.003; %IPH volume: OR = 2.202, p = 0.003) and after (volume of LRNC: OR = 1.312, p = 0.006; %LRNC volume: OR = 1.90, p = 0.034; volume of IPH: OR = 2.907, p = 0.007; % IPH volume: OR = 2.374, p = 0.004) adjusted for clinical confounding factors. The association between volume of IPH and ACI remained statistically significant after further adjusted for plaque volume (OR = 2.813, p = 0.016) or both plaque volume and volume of LRNC (OR = 4.044, p = 0.024).

Conclusions: In symptomatic patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques, the size of IPH is independently associated with ipsilateral ACI, suggesting the size of IPH might be a useful indicator for the risk of ACI.

Trial registration: Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique Identifier: NCT02017756.

Keywords: Acute cerebral infarct; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging; Carotid artery; Intraplaque hemorrhage.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart of patient recruitment for final analysis
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A bar graph of volume of carotid plaque components including calcification (CA), lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC), and intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH). Volume of and IPH was significantly associated with the presence of acute cerebral infarct
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
An example of a patient with carotid intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) and ipsilateral acute cerebral infarct (ACI). Multicontrast MR images show an atherosclerotic plaque with large IPH (hyperintensity within the vessel wall, white arrows) in the right internal carotid artery. On Brain images of the same patient, acute cerebral infarct which shows hypointensity on T1W image and hyperintensity on DWI image can be seen in the right hemisphere

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