Impact of Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Arterial Stiffness in a Countryside Area of Switzerland: Insights from the Swiss Longitudinal Cohort Study

Lucrezia Pusterla, Dragana Radovanovic, Franco Muggli, Paul Erne, Andreas W Schoenenberger, Renate Schoenenberger-Berzins, Gianfranco Parati, Paolo Suter, Sebastiano A G Lava, Augusto Gallino, Mario G Bianchetti, Lucrezia Pusterla, Dragana Radovanovic, Franco Muggli, Paul Erne, Andreas W Schoenenberger, Renate Schoenenberger-Berzins, Gianfranco Parati, Paolo Suter, Sebastiano A G Lava, Augusto Gallino, Mario G Bianchetti

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Besides traditional cardiovascular risk factors, arterial stiffness is a recognized predictor of cardiovascular risk.

Methods: We investigated the relationship between traditional cardiovascular risk factors, sex, and aortic pulse wave velocity in subjects living in a countryside area of Southern Switzerland. For this aim, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from adult participants of the Swiss Longitudinal Cohort Study, which, initiated in 2015, follows health status and disease risk factors in a Swiss countryside cohort at least 6 years of age.

Results: A total of 387 people (205 women and 182 men) were included. Hyperlipidemia, overweight, and obesity were more common (p ≤ 0.001) and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and hemoglobin A1c were higher (p < 0.03) in men than women. Systolic and diastolic brachial and aortic blood pressures were higher in men (p < 0.02), whereas aortic pulse wave velocity and aortic pulse pressure were higher in women (p < 0.05). The aortic pulse wave velocity was significantly higher in subjects with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and obesity, and significantly increased with age (p < 0.0001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between pulse wave velocity and age, female sex, brachial systolic blood pressure, and heart rate (p < 0.005).

Conclusion: Also in a countryside area, the aortic pulse wave velocity is higher in subjects with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and obesity, and significantly increases with age. Furthermore, with advancing age, aortic pulse wave velocity is higher in women than men.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02282748.

Keywords: Arterial hypertension; Cardiovascular risk; Country; Pulse wave velocity; Rural; Sex.

© 2022. The Author(s).

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart of study participants
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Impact of age and sex on unadjusted aortic pulse wave velocity. Men (blue rectangles) and women (orange rectangles) are given different symbols. Results are presented as boxplots

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