Associations between acute and chronic effects of exercise on indicators of metabolic health: a pilot training trial

Anne Hecksteden, Teresa Grütters, Tim Meyer, Anne Hecksteden, Teresa Grütters, Tim Meyer

Abstract

Background: The interindividual variability in the health-related efficacy of regular endurance training is high. This impedes on the individual optimization of preventive training prescriptions when optimal efficacy is intended. As a consequence, health-gains remain below what could be achieved. Practicable predictors of an individual's responsiveness to physical exercise would offer a solution to this problem. Therefore, the present study aims to test the association of acute changes in indicators of metabolic health after an exhaustive exercise test and the respective chronic changes in response to an endurance training program.

Methods: Fasting blood samples of healthy, untrained, non-smoking subjects (n=12, age 49 ± 7 years; body mass index 29 ± 4; maximum oxygen uptake 34 ± 7 ml · min(-1) · kg(-1)) were collected before and 1 hour after an exhaustive exercise test as well as after a 4 week supervised training period (walking / running 4 times per week at 60 % heart rate reserve).

Results: A close linear relationship between acute and chronic changes could be demonstrated for insulin concentration (p=0.001; r=0.83), the fasting indicator of insulin sensitivity HOMA-IR (p<0.001; r=0.78) and non-esterified fatty acid concentration (p=0.001; r=0.88). No association became apparent for standard blood lipid parameters.

Conclusion: It is concluded that the magnitude of acute exercise-induced changes in indicators of insulin sensitivity and non-esterified fatty acid concentration is a promising candidate for the prediction of chronic training induced changes in the respective parameter. However, further studies are needed to assess predictive accuracy.

Trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT00934206 http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00934206.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1. Courses of blood lactate concentrations…
Figure 1. Courses of blood lactate concentrations during exercise testing.
Means ± standard deviations.
Figure 2. Associations between acute and chronic…
Figure 2. Associations between acute and chronic changes in outcome measures.
Upper left: Insulin concentration; Independent variable: acute changes 1 hour after exercise. Upper right: HOMA-IR; Independent variable: acute changes 1 hour after exercise. Lower left: Non-esterified fatty acid concentration; Independent variable: acute changes 1 hour after exercise. Lower right: Non-esterified fatty acids; Independent variable: acute changes 24 hours after . exercise.
Figure 3. Associations between AEE* 1 and…
Figure 3. Associations between AEE*1 and CTE*.
AEE*1: Difference between the measurement 1 hour after cessation of exercise in the initial test and the mean of resting values from initial and final tests, respectively (post exercise measurement minus mean of resting values). CTE*: Difference between the resting value in the final test and the mean of resting values from initial and final tests, respectively (resting value from final test measurement minus mean of resting values). Left: Non-esterified fatty acid concentration. Right: Insulin concentration.

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