The effectiveness of nutritional education on the knowledge of diabetic patients using the health belief model

Gholamreza Sharifirad, Mohammad Hasan Entezari, Aziz Kamran, Leila Azadbakht, Gholamreza Sharifirad, Mohammad Hasan Entezari, Aziz Kamran, Leila Azadbakht

Abstract

Background: Patients have a major role in the control and treatment of type 2 diabetes. So, knowledge of different aspects of this disease especially diet therapy is very important for these patients. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the Health Belief Model (HBM) on nutrition education in type 2 diabetic patients.

Method: Eighty eight type 2 diabetic patients attending Iranian Diabetes Association seminars were randomly selected to participate in the study (44 in intervention group and 44 in control group). The intervention was consisted of two educational sessions each one for 80 minutes. Data were collected by a validated and reliable questionnaire (58 questions) before intervention and one month after intervention.

Results: AFTER INTERVENTION, KNOWLEDGE SCORES INCREASED IN THE INTERVENTION GROUP COMPARED TO THE CONTROL GROUP (MEAN DIFFERENCES IN THE INTERVENTION AND TEST GROUP: 22.68 ± 15.90 vs - 2.27 ± 17.30, P < 0.001). Perceived susceptibility increased significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group (27.5 ± 18.5 vs 3.9 ± 17.2, P < 0.001). The result was the same for perceived severity, perceived threatened and perceived benefits (P < 0.001). In contrast perceived barriers reduced in the intervention group compared to the control diet (-14.7 ± 13.3 vs 0.9 ± 13.9, P < 0.001). In the intervention group, behavior grades increased more than control group (34.61 ± 14.93 vs -0.23 ± 8.52, P < 0.001).

Conclusion: The efficacy of the health belief model in nutritional education to the diabetic patients was confirmed in the present study.

Keywords: Health Belief Model; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; nutritional behavior; nutritional education.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: Authors have no conflicts of interest.

References

    1. Eknoyan G. Obesity, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Curr Diab Rep. 2007;7(6):449–453.
    1. Idil A, Caliskan D, Ocaktan E. The prevalence of blindness and low vision in older onset diabetes mellitus and associated factors: a community-based study. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2004;14(4):298–305.
    1. Targher G, Bertolini L, Zenari L, Lippi G, Pichiri I, Zoppini G, et al. Diabetic retinopathy is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet Med. 2008;25(1):45–50.
    1. Esteghamati A, Gouya MM, Abbasi M, Delavari A, Alikhani S, Alaedini F, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in the adult population of Iran: national survey of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases of Iran. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(1):96–8.
    1. Skamagas M, Breen TL, LeRoith D. Update on diabetes mellitus: prevention, treatment, and association with oral diseases. Oral Dis. 2008;14(2):105–14.
    1. Standards of medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(Suppl 1):S33–S50.
    1. Lynch L, Happell B. Implementation of clinical supervision in action: part 2: implementation and beyond. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2008;17(1):65–72.
    1. Janz N, Champion V, Strecher V. The health belief model. In: Glanz K, Rimer B, LF, editors. Health behavior and health education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2002. pp. 45–66.
    1. Spikmans FJ, Brug J, Doven MM, Kruizenga HM, Hofsteenge GH, Van Bokhorst-Vander Schueren MA. Why do diabetic patients not attend appointments with their dietitian? J Hum Nutr Diet. 2003;16(3):151–8.
    1. Daddario DK. A review of the use of the health belief model for weight management. Medsurg Nurs. 2007;16(6):363–6.
    1. Chang LC, Hung LL, Chou YW, Ling LM. Applying the health belief model to analyze intention to participate in preventive pulmonary tuberculosis chest X-ray examinations among indigenous nursing students. J Nurs Res. 2007;15(1):78–87.
    1. Mahan LK, Escott-Stump S. 11 th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2003. Krause's food, nutrition and diet therapy.
    1. Nojoumi M, Najmabadi SH, Shakiba V, Danayei D. The study of nutritional knowledge of type 2 diabetic patients attending to Rasoul Akram Hospital in 2003. Journal of Iran University of Medical Sciences. 2005;12(47):197–204.
    1. Heidari GH, Moslemi S, Montazerifar F, Heidari M. The effect of nutrition education on the knowledge,Attitude and practice of type 2 diabetic patients. Tabibe Shargh. 2002;4(4):207–13.
    1. Borzou SR, Biabangardi Z. The effect of diet therapy on the blood glucose level of non-insulin dependent diabetes attending to the Rasht health care center. Journal of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. 1999;26, 27:65–70.
    1. Giral GA, Magana MA, Arriazu EC, Elviro BT, Aguado MG, Sandua SM. Diet based on rations.Practical teaching for type II diabetics. Rev Enferm. 1998;21(236):11–4.
    1. Khabazian A, Rezaei N. The effect of education on the nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice in diabetic patients. Tolue Behdasht. 2003;2(2&3):57.
    1. Hawthorne K, Tomlinson S. Pakistani moslems with type 2 diabetes mellitus: effect of sex, literacy skills, known diabetic complications and place of care on diabetic knowledge, reported self-monitoring management and glycaemic control. Diabet Med. 1999;16(7):591–7.
    1. Daniel M, Messer LC. Perceptions of disease severity and barriers to self-care predict glycemic control in aboriginal persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chronic Dis Can. 2002;23(4):130–8.
    1. Burnet D, Plaut A, Courtney R, Chin MH. A practical model for preventing type 2 diabetes in minority youth. Diabetes Educ. 2002;28(5):779–95.
    1. Aghamolayee T, Eftekhar H, Mohammad K. The application of health belief model in changing the behavior in diabetic patients. Payesh. 2005;4(4):263–9.
    1. Brekke HK, Sunesson A, Axelsen M, Lenner RA. Attitudes and barriers to dietary advice aimed at reducing risk of type 2 diabetes in first degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2004;17(6):513–21.
    1. Polly RK. Diabetes health beliefs, self-care behaviors, and glycemic control among older adults with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Educ. 1992;18(4):321–7.
    1. Vijan S, Stuart NS, Fitzgerald JT, Ronis DL, Hayward RA, Slater S, et al. Barriers to following dietary recommendations in type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2005;22(1):32–8.

Source: PubMed

Sponzoři a spolupracovníci

Zdravotní podmínky

Drogové intervence

3
Předplatit