Effects of moderate sleep restriction during 8-week calorie restriction on lipoprotein particles and glucose metabolism

Joshua R Sparks, Ryan R Porter, Shawn D Youngstedt, Kimberly P Bowyer, J Larry Durstine, Xuewen Wang, Joshua R Sparks, Ryan R Porter, Shawn D Youngstedt, Kimberly P Bowyer, J Larry Durstine, Xuewen Wang

Abstract

Study objectives: This study examined how glucose, glucose regulatory hormones, insulin sensitivity, and lipoprotein subclass particle concentrations and sizes change with sleep restriction during weight loss elicited by calorie restriction.

Methods: Overweight or obese adults were randomized into an 8-week calorie restriction intervention alone (CR, n = 12; 75% female; body mass index = 31.4 ± 2.9 kg/m2) or combined with sleep restriction (CR+SR, n = 16; 75% female; body mass index = 34.5 ± 3.1 kg/m2). Participants in both groups were given the same instructions to reduce calorie intake. Those in the CR+SR group were instructed to reduce their habitual time-in-bed by 30-90 minutes 5 days each week with 2 ad libitum sleep days. Fasting venous blood samples were collected at pre- and post-intervention.

Results: Differential changes were found between the two groups (p = 0.028 for group × time interaction) in glucagon concentration, which decreased in the CR group (p = 0.016) but did not change in CR+SR group. Although changes in mean HDL particle (HDL-P) size and visfatin concentration were not statistically different between groups (p = 0.066 and 0.066 for group×time interaction, respectively), mean HDL-P size decreased only in the CR+SR group (Cohen's d = 0.50, p = 0.022); visfatin concentrations did not change significantly in either group but appeared to decrease in the CR group (Cohen's d = 0.67, p = 0.170) but not in the CR+SR group (Cohen's d = 0.43, p = 0.225).

Conclusion: These results suggest that moderate sleep restriction, despite the presence of periodic ad libitum sleep, influences lipoprotein subclass particles and glucose regulation in individuals undergoing calorie restriction.Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02413866, Weight Outlooks by Restriction of Diet and Sleep).

Keywords: catch-up sleep; glucagon; lipoprotein particles; sleep restriction; visfatin; weight loss.

© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Sleep Research Society.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Participant flow diagram for the analytic sample.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Mean high-density lipoprotein particle (HDL-P) size at pre- and post-intervention by intervention group. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. CR: calorie restriction; CR+SR: calorie restriction and sleep restriction. *p = 0.066 for group×time interaction. **p = 0.022 for pre- to post-intervention comparison within CR+SR group.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Serum glucagon concentration [log(10) transformed] at pre- and post-intervention by intervention group. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. CR: calorie restriction; CR+SR: calorie restriction and sleep restriction. *p = 0.028 for group×time interaction. **p = 0.016 for pre- to post-intervention comparison within CR group.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Serum visfatin concentration [log(10) transformed] at pre- and post-intervention by intervention group. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. CR: calorie restriction; CR+SR: calorie restriction and sleep restriction. *p = 0.066 for group × time interaction.

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