Coronary Plaque Characteristics in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Who Presented With Acute Coronary Syndromes

Tomoyo Sugiyama, Erika Yamamoto, Krzysztof Bryniarski, Lei Xing, Francesco Fracassi, Hang Lee, Ik-Kyung Jang, Tomoyo Sugiyama, Erika Yamamoto, Krzysztof Bryniarski, Lei Xing, Francesco Fracassi, Hang Lee, Ik-Kyung Jang

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events. We aimed to investigate the coronary plaque phenotype of diabetic patients who presented with acute coronary syndromes by optical coherence tomography.

Methods and results: A total of 322 patients with acute coronary syndromes who underwent preintervention optical coherence tomography imaging of the culprit lesion were included. Culprit plaque characteristics were compared between patients with DM (n=95) and those without DM (n=227). In the subgroup of 250 patients in whom sufficient length of nonculprit region in the culprit vessel was imaged by optical coherence tomography, the characteristics of nonculprit plaques were also evaluated. Patients with DM had a higher prevalence of lipid-rich plaque (58.9% versus 44.9%, P=0.030) and macrophage accumulation (60.0% versus 44.9%, P=0.019) in the culprit lesion compared with patients without DM. The prevalence of plaque rupture (33.7% versus 30.4%, P=0.896) and plaque erosion (21.1% versus 22.0%, P=0.458) was similar. In the nonculprit lesions, the DM group had greater maximal lipid arc (248.9°±83.9° versus 179.9°±58.3°, P=0.006), thinner fibrous cap thickness (103.3±56.2 μm versus 140.7±70.0 μm, P=0.013), and a higher prevalence of thin-cap fibroatheroma (17.2% versus 6.3%, P=0.031), compared with the non-DM group.

Conclusions: Compared with patients without DM, those with DM had more vulnerable features in both culprit and nonculprit lesions, thus indicating a higher level of panvascular instability.

Clinical trial registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01110538.

Keywords: acute coronary syndrome; diabetes mellitus; optical coherence tomography; plaque.

© 2018 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Comparisons of culprit plaque characteristics between patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM) based on the culprit lesion pathology (rupture vs erosion). In patients with culprit plaque rupture (left column), the prevalence of lipid‐rich plaque, macrophage accumulation, and cholesterol crystals was similar between patients with DM and patients without DM. In patients with culprit plaque erosion (right column), those with DM had a higher prevalence of lipid‐rich plaque, macrophage accumulation, and cholesterol crystals. Chi‐squared test and Fisher exact test were applied.

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