A novel approach to characterize physical activity patterns in preschool-aged children

Rachel M Ruiz, Dustin Tracy, Evan C Sommer, Shari L Barkin, Rachel M Ruiz, Dustin Tracy, Evan C Sommer, Shari L Barkin

Abstract

Objective: Routine moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with better health outcomes; the purpose of this work was to evaluate healthy preschooler physical activity patterns with objective measurement.

Methods and procedures: An objective prospective study of 50 normally developing children 3-5 years old who were ≥50th and <95th BMI percentile and enrolled in a family-based healthy lifestyle study in 2011-2012. Participants wore a tri-axial accelerometer for 7 continuous days. Outcome measures consisted of wear time examining four common MVPA patterns: isolated spurt (IS), isolated sustained activity (ISA), clustered spurt (CS), and clustered sustained activity (CSA).

Results: Participants were 4.3 years, 56% female, 52% African-American, and 26% overweight. Forty-five children met wear time criteria. On average, children spent 14.5% of wake-wear time in MVPA, requiring 11.3 h to complete 90% of their daily MVPA. Children spent the majority of MVPA in CS (62.1%, followed by CSA (20.1%). Remaining MVPA was spent in IS (15.5%) and ISA (2.3%).

Conclusion: It takes most of the waking day for preschoolers to attain their PA. They engage in short spurts of small duration, in four common MVPA patterns. Utilizing this method could better characterize preschooler physical activity needs in practice and policy guidelines.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest:

Competing interests: the authors have no competing interests.

Copyright © 2013 The Obesity Society.

Figures

Figure 1. Visual Description of the Four…
Figure 1. Visual Description of the Four MVPA Patterns
Visual definition of each of the four identified MVPA patterns. Dashed horizontal line denotes MVPA threshold value.
Figure 2. Sample 24-Hour Activity Recording
Figure 2. Sample 24-Hour Activity Recording
Sample 24-hour activity recording from a child participant. Spikes above the dashed horizontal line denote MVPA.
Figure 3. MVPA Pattern Duration Among Participants
Figure 3. MVPA Pattern Duration Among Participants
Isolated pattern events are comprised solely of MVPA. Clustered pattern events are comprised of MVPA and non-MVPA periods. Length of activity block is the summation of both MVPA and non-MVPA periods, while MVPA within an activity block is the summation of only MVPA periods.

References

    1. Ogden CC M. [Accessed September 8, 2011];Prevalence of Obesity Among Children and Adolescents: United States, Trends 1963–1965 through 2007–2008. 2010 .
    1. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999–2010. Jama. 2012 Feb 1;307(5):483–490.
    1. Singh AS, Mulder C, Twisk JW, van Mechelen W, Chinapaw MJ. Tracking of childhood overweight into adulthood: a systematic review of the literature. Obes Rev. 2008 Sep;9(5):474–488.
    1. The National Academies. Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention: Solving the Weight of the Nation. 2012
    1. Rolland-Cachera MF, Deheeger M, Bellisle F, Sempe M, Guilloud-Bataille M, Patois E. Adiposity rebound in children: a simple indicator for predicting obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984 Jan;39(1):129–135.
    1. Taylor RW, Grant AM, Goulding A, Williams SM. Early adiposity rebound: review of papers linking this to subsequent obesity in children and adults. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2005 Nov;8(6):607–612.
    1. Janz KF, Levy SM, Burns TL, Torner JC, Willing MC, Warren JJ. Fatness, physical activity, and television viewing in children during the adiposity rebound period: the Iowa Bone Development Study. Prev Med. 2002 Dec;35(6):563–571.
    1. Janz KF, Kwon S, Letuchy EM, et al. Sustained effect of early physical activity on body fat mass in older children. Am J Prev Med. 2009 Jul;37(1):35–40.
    1. Ekelund U, Luan J, Sherar LB, Esliger DW, Griew P, Cooper A. Moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary time and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. Jama. 2012 Feb 15;307(7):704–712.
    1. American Academy of Pediatrics. [Accessed May 13, 2012];Physical Activity: Make the Right Choice for Your Child. 2012 .
    1. American Heart Association. [Accessed May 14, 2012];Physical Activity and Children. 2012 .
    1. National Association for Sport and Physical Education. [Accessed May 14, 2012];Active Start: A Statement of Physical Activity Guidelines for Cihldren From Birth to Age 5. 2012 2nd .
    1. Dwyer GM, Hardy LL, Peat JK, Baur LA. The validity and reliability of a home environment preschool-age physical activity questionnaire (Pre-PAQ) Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011;8:86.
    1. Kwon S, Janz KF, Burns TL, Levy SM. Effects of adiposity on physical activity in childhood: Iowa Bone Development Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Mar;43(3):443–448.
    1. Beets MW, Bornstein D, Dowda M, Pate RR. Compliance with national guidelines for physical activity in U.S. preschoolers: measurement and interpretation. Pediatrics. 2011 Apr;127(4):658–664.
    1. Loprinzi PD, Trost SG. Parental influences on physical activity behavior in preschool children. Prev Med. 2010 Mar;50(3):129–133.
    1. Taylor RW, Murdoch L, Carter P, Gerrard DF, Williams SM, Taylor BJ. Longitudinal study of physical activity and inactivity in preschoolers: the FLAME study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Jan;41(1):96–102.
    1. Williams HG, Pfeiffer KA, O'Neill JR, et al. Motor skill performance and physical activity in preschool children. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008 Jun;16(6):1421–1426.
    1. Ruiz R, Gesell SB, Buchowski MS, Lambert W, Barkin SL. The relationship between hispanic parents and their preschool-aged children's physical activity. Pediatrics. 2011 May;127(5):888–895.
    1. Burgi F, Meyer U, Granacher U, et al. Relationship of physical activity with motor skills, aerobic fitness and body fat in preschool children: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study (Ballabeina) Int J Obes (Lond) 2011 Jul;35(7):937–944.
    1. Oliver M, Schofield GM, Kolt GS. Physical activity in preschoolers: understanding prevalence and measurement issues. Sports medicine. 2007;37(12):1045–1070.
    1. Grontved A, Pedersen GS, Andersen LB, Kristensen PL, Moller NC, Froberg K. Personal characteristics and demographic factors associated with objectively measured physical activity in children attending preschool. Pediatric Exercise Science. 2009 May;21(2):209–219.
    1. Pate RR, O'Neill JR, Mitchell J. Measurement of physical activity in preschool children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 Mar;42(3):508–512.
    1. Office of Human Subjects Research. [Accessed May 14, 2012];Regulations and Ethical Guidelines. 2005 .
    1. Vanhelst J, Mikulovic J, Bui-Xuan G, et al. Comparison of two ActiGraph accelerometer generations in the assessment of physical activity in free living conditions. BMC Res Notes. 2012;5:187.
    1. Sasaki JE, John D, Freedson PS. Validation and comparison of ActiGraph activity monitors. Journal of science and medicine in sport / Sports Medicine Australia. 2011 Sep;14(5):411–416.
    1. Puyau MR, Adolph AL, Vohra FA, Butte NF. Validation and calibration of physical activity monitors in children. Obes Res. 2002 Mar;10(3):150–157.
    1. Pate RR, Almeida MJ, McIver KL, Pfeiffer KA, Dowda M. Validation and calibration of an accelerometer in preschool children. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006 Nov;14(11):2000–2006.
    1. Freedson PS, Melanson E, Sirard J. Calibration of the Computer Science and Applications, Inc. accelerometer. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 May;30(5):777–781.
    1. Trost SG, Way R, Okely AD. Predictive validity of three ActiGraph energy expenditure equations for children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006 Feb;38(2):380–387.
    1. Welk GJ, Blair SN, Wood K, Jones S, Thompson RW. A comparative evaluation of three accelerometry-based physical activity monitors. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 Sep;32(9 Suppl):S489–S497.
    1. Bassett DR, Jr, Ainsworth BE, Swartz AM, Strath SJ, O'Brien WL, King GA. Validity of four motion sensors in measuring moderate intensity physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 Sep;32(9 Suppl):S471–S480.
    1. Mei Z, Grummer-Strawn LM, Pietrobelli A, Goulding A, Goran MI, Dietz WH. Validity of body mass index compared with other body-composition screening indexes for the assessment of body fatness in children and adolescents. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2002:7597–7985.
    1. Choi L, Liu Zhouwen, Matthews C, Buchowski M. Package 'Physical Activity'. 2013
    1. Choi L, Liu Z, Matthews CE, Buchowski MS. Validation of accelerometer wear and nonwear time classification algorithm. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Feb;43(2):357–364.
    1. Penpraze VR, MacLean CM, Montgomery C, et al. Monitoring of physical activity in young children: how much is enought? Pediatric Exercise Science. 2006;18:483–491.
    1. Nilson A, Ekeland U, Yngve A, Sjoestroem M . Assessing physical activity among children with accelerometers using different time sampling intervals and placements. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2002;14(1):87–96.
    1. Pellegrini AD, Smith PK. Physical activity play: the nature and function of a neglected aspect of playing. Child Dev. 1998 Jun;69(3):577–598.
    1. Bailey RC, Olson J, Pepper SL, Porszasz J, Barstow TJ, Cooper DM. The level and tempo of children's physical activities: an observational study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 Jul;27(7):1033–1041.
    1. Sallis JF, McKenzie TL, Alcaraz JE, Kolody B, Faucette N, Hovell MF. The effects of a 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students. Sports, Play and Active Recreation for Kids. American journal of public health. 1997 Aug;87(8):1328–1334.

Source: PubMed

Sponzoři a spolupracovníci

Zdravotní podmínky

Drogové intervence

3
Předplatit