Anxiety and depression in the first 24 h in COVID-19 patients who underwent non-invasive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit
Ilke Kupeli, Merve Yazıcı Kara, Ipek Yakın, Aysegul Cigdem Caglayan, Ilke Kupeli, Merve Yazıcı Kara, Ipek Yakın, Aysegul Cigdem Caglayan
Abstract
Background and aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of anxiety and depression in the first 24 h of people who were taken to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to COVID-19 and had to use unfamiliar devices in an unfamiliar environment.
Material method: Sixty-two patients over 18 years of age, conscious and cooperative, who were admitted to the ICU with the diagnosis of COVID, were PCR (+), and needed non-invasive mechanical ventilation were included in the study. Age, gender, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores, and Hospital Anxiety Depression (HAD) A (anxiety), and HAD D (depression) scores of the patients were recorded, and the prevalence of anxiety and depression and independent factors affecting them were investigated.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 57.1 ± 17.6 years, and the mean APACHE II was 29.3 ± 10.4. The average HAD A score was 10.5 ± 3.5 in all patients, while the HAD D score was 10.5 ± 3.3. The prevalence of anxiety was 37.1% (23 patients), and the prevalence of depression was 43.6% (27 patients). Age and APACHE II and anxiety/depression were negatively correlated, and when age and APACHE II scores increased, anxiety and depression decreased (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: In COVID-19 patients who underwent non-invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU, the rate of anxiety in the first 24 h of admission was 37.1% while for depression the rate was 43.6%. In addition, advanced age and high APACHE II scores were found to be associated with low anxiety and depression.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials ID: NCT04715477 (January 20, 2021).
Keywords: Anxiety; COVID-19; Depression; Intensive care unit; Non-invasive mechanical ventilation.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no competing interests.
© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland.
References
- İlhan B, Berikol GB, Dogan H (2021) Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on emergency visits and emergency consultations: a cross-sectional study. Cureus, 13(3)
- Jiawen D et al (2020) The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in COVID‐19 patients: a meta‐analysis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Rogers JP, Chesney E, Oliver D, et al. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:611–627. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30203-0.
- Aydemir Ö, Güvenir T, Küey L, Kültür S. Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği Türkçe Formunun Geçerlik Güvenilirlik Çalışması. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 1997;8:280–287.
- DAĞLI DA, BÜYÜKBAYRAM A, ARABACI LB (2020) COVID-19 Tanısı Alan Hasta ve Ailesine Psikososyal Yaklaşım. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 191–195
- Kong X, Zheng K, Tang, M et al (2020) Prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. MedRxiv.
- Parker C, Shalev D, Hsu I et al (2020) Depression, anxiety, and acute stress disorder among patients hospitalized with COVID-19: a prospective cohort study. Psychosomatics.
Source: PubMed