HIIT Models in Addition to Training Load and Heart Rate Variability Are Related With Physiological and Performance Adaptations After 10-Weeks of Training in Young Futsal Players

Fernando de Souza Campos, Fernando Klitzke Borszcz, Lucinar Jupir Forner Flores, Lilian Keila Barazetti, Anderson Santiago Teixeira, Renan Felipe Hartmann Nunes, Luiz Guilherme Antonacci Guglielmo, Fernando de Souza Campos, Fernando Klitzke Borszcz, Lucinar Jupir Forner Flores, Lilian Keila Barazetti, Anderson Santiago Teixeira, Renan Felipe Hartmann Nunes, Luiz Guilherme Antonacci Guglielmo

Abstract

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of two high-intensity interval training (HIIT) shuttle-run-based models, over 10 weeks on aerobic, anaerobic, and neuromuscular parameters, and the association of the training load and heart rate variability (HRV) with the change in the measures in young futsal players.

Methods: Eleven young male futsal players (age: 18.5 ± 1.1 years; body mass: 70.5 ± 5.7 kg) participated in this study. This pre-post study design was performed during a typical 10 weeks training period. HIIT sessions were conducted at 86% (HIIT86; n = 6) and 100% (HIIT100; n = 5) of peak speed of the FIET. Additionally, friendly and official matches, technical-tactical and strength-power training sessions were performed. Before and after the training period, all players performed the FIET, treadmill incremental, repeated sprint ability (RSA), sprint 15-m, and vertical jump tests (CMJ and SJ), and the HRV was measured. Training load (TL) was monitored using the session rating of perceived effort. Data analysis was carried out using Bayesian inference methods.

Results: The HIIT86 model showed clear improvements for the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), peak speed in the treadmill incremental test, first and second ventilatory thresholds, RSA best and mean times, CMJ, and SJ. The HIIT100 model presented distinct advances in VO2peak, peak speed in the treadmill incremental test, RSA mean time, and CMJ. Between HIIT models comparisons showed more favorable probabilities of improvement for HIIT86 than HIIT100 model in all parameters. TL data and HIIT models strongly explained the changes in the RSA mean and best times (R 2 = 0.71 and 0.87, respectively), as well as HRV changes, and HIIT models explained positively VO2peak changes (R 2 = 0.72). All other changes in the parameters were low to moderately explained.

Conclusion: The HIIT86 proved to be more effective for improving aerobic, RSA, and neuromuscular parameters than HIIT100 during a typical 10-week futsal training period. So, strength and conditioning specialists prescribing shuttle-run intermittent exercises at submaximal intensities can manage the individual acceleration load imposed on athlete increasing or decreasing either the set duration or the frequency of change of direction during HIIT programming.

Keywords: high intensity interval training; physical performance; shuttle-run; sports; sprint.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Copyright © 2021 Campos, Borszcz, Flores, Barazetti, Teixeira, Hartmann Nunes and Guglielmo.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Experimental design with the number of each training/match session type in each week (A), and the testing sessions at pre and post 10 weeks of training (B). HIIT, high intensity interval training; HRV, heart rate variability; SJ, squat jump; CMJ, counter movement jump; RSA, repeated sprint ability test; FIET, Futsal Intermittent Endurance Test.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Posterior density distributions and the respective means with 90% credible intervals of the pre to post changes in VO2peak, PSFIET, PSTREADMILL, VT2, and VT1 (upper to lower panels, respectively) in each HIIT model, and the comparison of changes between models. The effects are adjusted to baseline mean of all study subjects. Black points and error bars are the posterior mean change and 90% credible intervals, respectively. Vertical dashed lines are the lower and upper boundaries of the ROPE (i.e., 0.2× between subjects SD). The texts in each graph are the means (90% CI) and probabilities against ROPE.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Posterior density distributions and the respective means with 90% credible intervals of the pre to post changes in RSABEST, RSAMEAN, Sprint 15-m, CMJ, and SJ (upper to lower panels, respectively) in each HIIT model, and the comparison of changes between models. The effects are adjusted to baseline mean of all study subjects. Black points and error bars are the posterior mean change and 90% credible intervals, respectively. Vertical dashed lines are the lower and upper boundaries of the ROPE (i.e., 0.2× between subjects SD). The texts in each graph are the means (90% CI) and probabilities against ROPE.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Posterior density distributions and the respective means with 90% credible intervals of the pre to post changes in HRV in each HIIT model, and the comparison of changes between models. Black points and error bars are the posterior mean change and 90% credible intervals, respectively. Vertical dashed lines are the lower and upper boundaries of the ROPE (i.e., 0.2× between subjects SD). The texts in each graph are the means (90% CI) and probabilities against ROPE.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Observed means ± SD of training load sum in each week (A) and the accumulated sum over 10 weeks of all training/match sessions [#], all training/match sessions without HIIT [$], and only HIIT sessions [*] (B). Bars and error bars are the mean and SD, respectively. a.u., arbitrary units.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Posterior regression medians with 90% credible intervals between pre-to-post changes in VO2peak (A), PSFIET(B), VT2(C), VT1(D), PSTREADMILL(E), RSABEST(F), RSAMEAN(G), Sprint 15-m (H), CMJ (I), and SJ (J) for each HIIT model with training load. R2, Bayesian variance explained. Horizontal dashed lines are the lower and upper boundaries of the ROPE (i.e., 0.2× between subjects SD).
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Posterior regression medians with 90% credible intervals between pre-to-post changes in VO2peak (A), PSFIET(B), VT2(C), VT1(D), PSTREADMILL(E), RSABEST(F), RSAMEAN(G), Sprint 15-m (H), CMJ (I), and SJ (J) for each HIIT model with the pre-to-post change in HRV. R2, Bayesian variance explained. Horizontal dashed lines are the lower and upper boundaries of the ROPE (i.e., 0.2× between subjects SD).

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