Health related quality of life in common variable immunodeficiency

Isabella Quinti, Cristina Di Pietro, Helene Martini, Anna Maria Pesce, Francesca Lombardi, Maddalena Baumghartner, Stefania Colantuono, Cinzia Milito, Stefano Tabolli, Isabella Quinti, Cristina Di Pietro, Helene Martini, Anna Maria Pesce, Francesca Lombardi, Maddalena Baumghartner, Stefania Colantuono, Cinzia Milito, Stefano Tabolli

Abstract

Purpose: To quantify the health related quality of life in primary immunodeficiency patients.

Materials and methods: We used generic health status and general psychological health questionnaires to determine the range of issues that needed to be considered in examining the burden of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID).

Results: The health status of patients with CVID was lower than that observed in normal subjects. Overall, Role-Physical and General Health scales correlated with a poorer clinical status. Surprisingly, the duration of disease did not influence health status. Being female, older, General Health Questionnaire-positive and alexithymic proved to be major risk factors associated with a poor health status. Patients with chronic lung disease and chronic diarrhea had the lowest values on the Medical Outcome Study, Short Form SF-36 (SF-36) scales. Disease severity perception was associated with the General Health Questionnaire and alexithymia status. Limitations in daily activities as a result of lower physical health were the major problems facing common variable immunodeficiency patients.

Conclusion: Our data underlined the importance of conducting a periodical health related quality of life assessment on patients with primary antibody deficiencies and, moreover, stressed the necessity of providing psychological support to at risk patients.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
SF-36 scales, mean values in (A) CVID patients vs. normal subjects - Italian normative. (B) CVID patients vs. normal subjects (25-34 years). (C) CVID patients vs. normal subjects (35-44 years). (D) CVID patients vs. normal subjects (45-54 years). (E) CVID patients vs. normal subjects (55-64 years). Higher scores denote better health SF-36 scales. PF, physical functioning (limitations in performing physical activities such as bathing or dressing); RP, role-physical (limitations with work and other daily activities as a result of physical health); BP, bodily pain (how severe and limiting is pain); GH, general health (how general personal health is evaluated by the patient); VT, vitality (feeling tired and worn out vs. feeling full of energy); SF, social functioning (interference with normal social activities due to physical or emotional problems); RE, role-emotional (limitations with work and other daily activities as a result of emotional problems); MH, mental health (feeling nervous and depressed vs. peaceful, happy and calm). CVID, common variable immunodeficiency; SF-36, Shot From-36. Normal subjects, Italian Normative11). *p<0.05 t-test.

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