Targeting Carbohydrates and Polyphenols for a Healthy Microbiome and Healthy Weight

Matthias Van Hul, Patrice D Cani, Matthias Van Hul, Patrice D Cani

Abstract

Purpose of review: In this review, we focus on microbiota modulation using non-digestible carbohydrate and polyphenols (i.e., prebiotics) that have the potential to modulate body weight.

Recent findings: Prebiotics derived from plants have gained the interest of public and scientific communities as they may prevent diseases and help maintain health. Maintaining a healthy body weight is key to reducing the risk of developing chronic metabolic complications. However, the prevalence of obesity has increased to pandemic proportions and is now ranked globally in the top five risk factors for death. While diet and behavioral modification programs aiming to reduce weight gain and promote weight loss are effective in the short term, they remain insufficient over the long haul as compliance is often low and weight regain is very common. As a result, novel dietary strategies targeting the gut microbiota have been successful in decreasing obesity and metabolic disorders via different molecular mechanisms.

Keywords: Dietary fibers; Gut microbiota; Obesity; Polyphenols; Prebiotics.

Conflict of interest statement

Matthias Van Hul declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Patrice D. Cani is an inventor listed on patent applications dealing with the use of A. muciniphila and its components to treat obesity and related disorders, and is also co-founder of A-Mansia biotech SA.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Non-digestible carbohydrates and polyphenols present in food can induce a shift in the microbial composition and favor beneficial bacteria like Akkermansia muciniphila. In addition, they can be fermented into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) or other metabolites that can either act locally, on epithelial cells and their receptors, or enter the blood circulation. SCFAs can activate receptors GPR41/43 and thereby increase GLP-1 and PYY hormone levels, while metabolites from polyphenols are able to activate AMPK in a broad range of tissues. Ultimately, both pathways result in the activation of cellular programs that favor the release of energy and promote energy expenditure

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