Amantadine as a drug to mitigate the effects of COVID-19

Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda Abreu, María Elena Hernández Aguilar, Deissy Herrera Covarrubias, Fausto Rojas Durán, Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda Abreu, María Elena Hernández Aguilar, Deissy Herrera Covarrubias, Fausto Rojas Durán

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread around the world. At this time, there is no vaccine that can help people prevent the spread of coronavirus. We are proposing amantadine as a drug that can be used to mitigate the effects of the virus. It is demonstrated by docking models how amantadine can exert its action on Coronavirus viroporin E.

Keywords: Amantadine; COVID-19; Docking; Viroporin.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Primary structure of protein E and the proposed region where alpha-helix are formed.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Hydrophobicity analysis using the Kyte-Doolittle scale.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Ribbons model of the channel formed by protein E and its possible interaction with amantadine in AA PHE26 and ALA22.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Ribbons model of the channel formed by the E protein and its possible interaction with amantadine in PHE26 and ALA22.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Region of the amantadine ligand-site.

References

    1. Gautret P, Lagier JC, Parola P et al.Gautret P, Lagier JC, Parola P et al. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020105949.
    1. Tang T., Xu W., Ma J. Inhibitory Mechanisms of DHA/CQ on pH and Iron Homeostasis of Erythrocytic Stage Growth of Plasmodium Falciparum. Molecules. 2019;24(10)
    1. Evans S.G., Havlik IEvans S.G., Havlik I. Plasmodium falciparum: effects of amantadine, an antiviral, on chloroquine-resistant and -sensitive parasites in vitro and its influence on chloroquine activity. Biochem Pharmacol. 1993;45(5):1168–1170.
    1. Thomaston JL, Polizzi NF, Konstantinidi A et al.Thomaston JL, Polizzi NF, Konstantinidi A et al. Inhibitors of the M2 Proton Channel Engage and Disrupt Transmembrane Networks of Hydrogen-Bonded Waters. J Am Chem Soc. 2018;140(45):15219-15226.
    1. Wang C, Takeuchi K, Pinto LH et al.Wang C, Takeuchi K, Pinto LH et al. Ion channel activity of influenza A virus M2 protein: characterization of the amantadine block. J Virol. 1993;67(9):5585-5594.
    1. Jimenez-Guardeño JM, Nieto-Torres JL, DeDiego ML et al.Jimenez-Guardeño JM, Nieto-Torres JL, DeDiego ML et al. The PDZ-binding motif of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus envelope protein is a determinant of viral pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog. 2014;10(8):e1004320.
    1. Kyte J., RFKyte Doolittle J., Doolittle R.F. A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein. J Mol Biol. 1982;157(1):105–132.
    1. Surya W., Li Y., Torres JSurya W., Li Y., Torres J. Structural model of the SARS coronavirus E channel in LMPG micelles. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr. 2018;1860(6):1309–1317.
    1. Schneidman-Duhovny D, Inbar Y, Nussinov R et al.Schneidman-Duhovny D, Inbar Y, Nussinov R et al. PatchDock and SymmDock: servers for rigid and symmetric docking. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005;33(Web Server issue):W363-7.
    1. Torres J, Maheswari U, Parthasarathy K et al.Torres J, Maheswari U, Parthasarathy K et al. Conductance and amantadine binding of a pore formed by a lysine-flanked transmembrane domain of SARS coronavirus envelope protein. Protein Sci. 2007;16(9):2065-2071.

Source: PubMed

3
Předplatit