Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Meso-zeaxanthin Supplementation Associated with Macular Pigment Optical Density

Le Ma, Rong Liu, Jun Hui Du, Tao Liu, Shan Shan Wu, Xiao Hong Liu, Le Ma, Rong Liu, Jun Hui Du, Tao Liu, Shan Shan Wu, Xiao Hong Liu

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin on macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) among patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and healthy subjects. Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases was searched through May 2016. Meta-analysis was conducted to obtain adjusted weighted mean differences (WMD) for intervention-versus-placebo group about the change of MPOD between baseline and terminal point. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the changes in MPOD and blood xanthophyll carotenoids or baseline MPOD levels. Twenty RCTs involving 938 AMD patients and 826 healthy subjects were identified. Xanthophyll carotenoids supplementation was associated with significant increase in MPOD in AMD patients (WMD, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.11) and healthy subjects (WMD, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.14). Stratified analysis showed a greater increase in MPOD among trials supplemented and combined with meso-zeaxanthin. Additionally, the changes in MPOD were related with baseline MPOD levels (rAMD = -0.43, p = 0.06; rhealthy subjects = -0.71, p < 0.001) and blood xanthophyll carotenoids concentration (rAMD = 0.40, p = 0.07; rhealthy subjects = 0.33, p = 0.05). This meta-analysis revealed that lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin supplementation improved MPOD both in AMD patients and healthy subjects with a dose-response relationship.

Keywords: lutein; macular pigment optical density; meso-zeaxanthin; zeaxanthin.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Forest plot showing the efficacy of lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin supplementation on macular pigment optical density for patients with AMD and healthy subjects. Error bars indicate 95% CIs of the WMDs. The sizes of the squares correspond to the study weight in the random-effects meta-analysis. Diamonds represent the meta-analysis summary effect estimate. AMD, age-related macular degeneration; CI, confidence interval; WMD, weighted mean differences.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Scatterplot showing the relationship between baseline MPOD levels and the change in MPOD from baseline. MPOD, macular pigment optical density; ODU, optical density unit.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Scatterplot showing the relationship between blood xanthophyll carotenoids concentration and the change in MPOD during supplementation. MPOD, macular pigment optical density; ODU, optical density unit.

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