A single dose of amoxicillin and dexamethasone for prevention of postoperative complications in third molar surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial

Marcelo Carlos Bortoluzzi, Diogo Lenzi Capella, Tharzon Barbieri, Micheli Pagliarini, Talita Cavalieri, Rafael Manfro, Marcelo Carlos Bortoluzzi, Diogo Lenzi Capella, Tharzon Barbieri, Micheli Pagliarini, Talita Cavalieri, Rafael Manfro

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a single prophylactic dose of amoxicillin and/or dexamethasone in preventing postoperative complications (PC) after a surgical removal of a single mandibular third molar (M3).

Methods: This study is a randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial. Four groups were included: Group 1 (G1) included a prophylactic dose of 2 g of amoxicillin and 8 mg of dexamethasone; Group 2 (G2) included a prophylactic dose of 2 g of amoxicillin and 8 mg of placebo; Group 3 (G3) included a prophylactic dose of 8 mg of dexamethasone and 2 g of placebo and; Group 4 (G4) placebo.

Results: Fifty patients were included. It was observed one case of alveolar infection (2%) and two of alveolar osteitis (4%) resulting in three PC (6%). No statistical differences were observed between therapeutic groups for development of PC, trismus, pain and edema. The use of antibiotics showed an absolute risk reduction (ARR) for PC development of 3.52% and the number needed to treat (NNT) was 29.

Conclusion: Prophylactic antibiotics and corticoid in a single dose regimen did not bring any benefit on M3 surgeries.

Keywords: Amoxicillin; Antibiotic prophylaxis; Dexamethasone; Third molar surgery.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Visual analogue scale used in patients diary for guide in self-score pain.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Self-reported measures for pain according to therapeutic groups.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Self-reported measures for edema according to therapeutic groups.

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Source: PubMed

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