Effects of a single dose of preoperative pregabalin and gabapentin for acute postoperative pain: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Jiaqi Hu, Dongdong Huang, Minpu Li, Chao Wu, Juan Zhang, Jiaqi Hu, Dongdong Huang, Minpu Li, Chao Wu, Juan Zhang

Abstract

Background: Pregabalin (PGB) and gabapentin (GBP) are current and emerging drugs in the field of pre-emptive preoperative analgesia. However, the role of PGB or GBP in acute postoperative pain management still remains elusive.

Materials and methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search of articles published by December 3, 2017. A total of 79 randomized controlled trials with 6,201 patients receiving single-dose premedication were included. Through a network meta-analysis (NMA), we validated the analgesic effect and incidence of adverse events by using various doses of PGB or GBP administration.

Results: NMA results suggested that the analgesic effect may be dose related. For 24-hour opioid consumption, a consistent decrease was found with the increase in the dose of PGB or GBP. For 24-hour pain score at rest, a high dose (≥150 mg) of PGB was more effective in decreasing pain score than a dose of 75 mg, and a high dose (≥900 mg) of GBP reduced pain intensity than doses of 300 or 600 mg. Moreover, the incidence of adverse reactions varied with varying doses of PGB or GBP.

Conclusion: A dose-response relationship was detected in opioid consumption and postoperative pain for a single-dose preoperative administration of PGB and GBP. Making reasonable choice of drugs and dosage may prevent the occurrence of adverse reactions.

Keywords: GBP; PGB; acute postoperative pain; network meta-analysis; single dose.

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of literature search and study selection, inclusion and exclusion.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Network plots of eligible comparisons of all interventions including PBO, PGB 75 mg, PGB 150 mg, PGB 300 mg, GBP 300 mg, GBP 600 mg, GBP 900 mg, and GBP 1,200 mg. Notes: (a) Network plots of opioid consumption. (b) Network plots of pain score at rest. (c) Network plots of pain score with movement. (d) Network plots of PONV. (e) Network plots of nausea. (f) Network plots of vomiting. (g) Network plots of dizziness. The size of each node is proportional to the number of sample size. Abbreviations: GBP, gabapentin; PBO, placebo; PGB, pregabalin; PONV, postoperative nausea and vomiting within 24 hours after surgery.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plots of all interventions. Notes: (a) Forest plots of the association between all interventions and opioid consumption. (b) Forest plots of the association between all interventions and pain score at rest. Patients with PGB (150/300 mg) and GBP (900/1,200 mg) exhibited significantly less pain compared with those with PBO. Abbreviations: GBP, gabapentin; PBO, placebo; PGB, pregabalin; SMD, standardized mean difference.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Ranking of SUCRA values. Notes: (a) Ranking of SUCRA values of opioid consumption. (b) Ranking of SUCRA values of pain score at rest. Abbreviations: GBP, gabapentin; PBO, placebo; PGB, pregabalin; SUCRA, surface under the cumulative ranking curve.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Risk of bias assessment. Note: The most common high risk of bias was selective reporting (16.5%), which principally resulted from the consideration of incomplete outcome data.

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