Effectiveness of adjunctive hyaluronic acid application in coronally advanced flap in Miller class I single gingival recession sites: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Andrea Pilloni, Patrick R Schmidlin, Philipp Sahrmann, Anton Sculean, Mariana A Rojas, Andrea Pilloni, Patrick R Schmidlin, Philipp Sahrmann, Anton Sculean, Mariana A Rojas

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the possible advantages of adjunctive hyaluronic acid (HA) application in the coronally advanced flap (CAF) procedure in single Miller class I/recession type 1 (RT1) gingival recession treatment.

Material and methods: Thirty patients with one recession were enrolled; 15 were randomly assigned CAF + HA and 15 to CAF alone. The recession reduction (RecRed), clinical attachment level gain (CAL-gain), changes in probing pocket depth (PPD) and in the width of keratinized tissue (KT), complete root coverage (CRC), and mean root coverage (MRC) were calculated after 18 months. Post-operative morbidity (pain intensity, discomfort, and swelling) was recorded 7 days after treatment using visual analogue scale (VAS).

Results: After 18 months, RecRed was statistically significantly higher in the test group (2.7 mm [1.0]) than in the control group (1.9 mm [1.0]; p = 0.007). PPD were found to be slightly but statistically significantly increased in both groups. No statistically significant difference was found for KT gain between treatments. CRC was 80% for test and 33.3% for control sites (p < 0.05). A MRC of 93.8 ± 13.0% for test and 73.1 ± 20.8% for control sites was calculated (p < 0.05). The test group reported lower swelling and discomfort values 7-days post-surgery (p < 0.05). Statistically significant difference was not found for pain intensity.

Conclusions: The adjunctive use of HA was effective in obtaining CRC for single Miller class I/RT1 gingival recession sites.

Clinical relevance: Adjunctive application of HA in the coronally advanced flap procedure may improve the reduction of the recessions and increase the probability of CRC in Miller class I recessions.

Keywords: Clinical trial(s); Cosmetic periodontal plastic surgery; Gingival recession; Hyaluronic acid; Mucogingival surgery.

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