High-intensity interval training as an efficacious alternative to moderate-intensity continuous training for adults with prediabetes

Mary E Jung, Jessica E Bourne, Mark R Beauchamp, Emily Robinson, Jonathan P Little, Mary E Jung, Jessica E Bourne, Mark R Beauchamp, Emily Robinson, Jonathan P Little

Abstract

Aims: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) leads to improvements in various markers of cardiometabolic health but adherence to HIIT following a supervised laboratory intervention has yet to be tested. We compared self-report and objective measures of physical activity after one month of independent exercise in individuals with prediabetes who were randomized to HIIT (n = 15) or traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT, n = 17).

Method: After completing 10 sessions of supervised training participants were asked to perform HIIT or MICT three times per week for four weeks.

Results: Individuals in HIIT (89 ± 11%) adhered to their prescribed protocol to a greater extent than individuals in MICT (71 ± 31%) as determined by training logs completed over one-month follow-up (P = 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.75). Minutes spent in vigorous physical activity per week measured by accelerometer were higher in HIIT (24 ± 18) as compared to MICT (11 ± 10) at one-month follow-up (P = 0.049, Cohen's d = 0.92). Cardiorespiratory fitness and systolic blood pressure assessed at one-month follow-up were equally improved (P's < 0.05).

Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence that individuals with prediabetes can adhere to HIIT over the short-term and do so at a level that is greater than MICT.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow of participants through the intervention.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Representative accelerometer counts recorded throughout a bout of HIIT during the intervention. Note: nine intervals were completed in this training session. (b) Representative accelerometer counts recorded throughout a bout of MICT during the intervention. Note: approximately 45 minutes of MICT was completed in this training session.

References

    1. Tabák A. G., Herder C., Rathmann W., Brunner E. J., Kivimäki M. Prediabetes: a high-risk state for diabetes development. The Lancet. 2012;379(9833):2279–2290. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60283-9.
    1. Colberg S. R., Sigal R. J., Fernhall B., et al. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint position statement. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(12):e147–e167. doi: 10.2337/dc10-9990.
    1. Knowler W. C., Barrett-Connor E., Fowler S. E., et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2002;346(6):393–403. doi: 10.1056/nejmoa012512.
    1. Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report. Washington, DC, USA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2008. .
    1. Department of Health. Start Active, Stay Active. A Report on Physical Activity for Health from the Four Home Countries' Chief Medical Officers. London, UK: Department of Health; 2011. .
    1. Canadian Society of Exercise Physiology. Canada's Physical Activity Guidelines. Ottawa, Canada: Canadian Society of Exercise Physiology; 2011. .
    1. Troiano R. P., Berrigan D., Dodd K. W., Mâsse L. C., Tilert T., Mcdowell M. Physical activity in the United States measured by accelerometer. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2008;40(1):181–188. doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31815a51b3.
    1. Health and Social Care Information Centre. Health Survey for England—2008: Physical Activity and Fitness. Leeds, UK: The Information Centre; 2009. .
    1. Colley R. C., Garriguet D., Janssen I., Craig C. L., Clarke J., Tremblay M. S. Physical activity of canadian children and youth: accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 canadian health measures survey. Health Reports. 2011;22(1):15–23.
    1. Wisløff U., Ellingsen Ø., Kemi O. J. High-intensity interval training to maximize cardiac benefits of exercise training? Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 2009;37(3):139–146. doi: 10.1097/jes.0b013e3181aa65fc.
    1. Tjønna A. E., Stølen T. O., Bye A., et al. Aerobic interval training reduces cardiovascular risk factors more than a multitreatment approach in overweight adolescents. Clinical Science. 2009;116(4):317–326. doi: 10.1042/CS20080249.
    1. Little J. P., Gillen J. B., Percival M. E., et al. Low-volume high-intensity interval training reduces hyperglycemia and increases muscle mitochondrial capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2011;111(6):1554–1560. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00921.2011.
    1. Little J. P., Jung M. E., Wright A. E., Wright W., Manders R. J. F. Effects of high-intensity interval exercise versus continuous moderate-intensity exercise on postprandial glycemic control assessed by continuous glucose monitoring in obese adults. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2014;39(7):835–841. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0512.
    1. Francois M. E., Baldi J. C., Manning P. J., et al. Exercise snacks' before meals: a novel strategy to improve glycaemic control in individuals with insulin resistance. Diabetologia. 2014;57(7):1437–1445. doi: 10.1007/s00125-014-3244-6.
    1. Gillen J. B., Little J. P., Punthakee Z., Tarnopolsky M. A., Riddell M. C., Gibala M. J. Acute high-intensity interval exercise reduces the postprandial glucose response and prevalence of hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2012;14(6):575–577. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2012.01564.x.
    1. Kessler H. S., Sisson S. B., Short K. R. The potential for high-intensity interval training to reduce cardiometabolic disease risk. Sports Medicine. 2012;42(6):489–509. doi: 10.2165/11630910-000000000-00000.
    1. Weston K. S., Wisløff U., Coombes J. High-intensity interval training in patients with lifestyle-induced cardiometabolic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2014;48:1227–1234. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092576.
    1. Gibala M. J., Little J. P., Macdonald M. J., Hawley J. A. Physiological adaptations to low-volume, high-intensity interval training in health and disease. The Journal of Physiology. 2012;590(5):1077–1084. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.224725.
    1. Janssen I., Ross R. Vigorous intensity physical activity is related to the metabolic syndrome independent of the physical activity dose. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2012;41(4):1132–1140. doi: 10.1093/ije/dys038.dys038
    1. Trost S. G., Owen N., Bauman A. E., Sallis J. F., Brown W. Correlates of adults' participation in physical activity: review and update. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2002;34(12):1996–2001. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200212000-00020.
    1. Ekkekakis P., Parfitt G., Petruzzello S. J. The pleasure and displeasure people feel when they exercise at different intensities: decennial update and progress towards a tripartite rationale for exercise intensity prescription. Sports Medicine. 2011;41(8):641–671. doi: 10.2165/11590680-000000000-00000.
    1. American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 9th. Philadelphia, Pa, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010.
    1. Jung M. E., Bourne J. E., Little J. P., Newton R. L. Where does HIT fit? An examination of the affective response to high-intensity intervals in comparison to continous moderate- and continuous vigorous-intensity exercise in the exercise intensity-affect continuum. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(12) doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114541.e114541
    1. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(supplement 1):S64–S71. doi: 10.2337/dc12-s064.
    1. Public Health Agency of Canada. CANRISK: The Canadian Diabetes Risk Questionnaire User Guide for Pharmacists. Ottawa, Canada: Public Health Agency of Canada; 2011. .
    1. Warburton D. E. R., Jamnik V. K., Bredin S. S. D., Gledhill N. The physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q+) and electronic physical activity readiness medication examination (ePARmed-X+) Health & Fitness Journal of Canada. 2011;4(2):3–23.
    1. Bandura A. Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall; 1986.
    1. Borg G. Borg’s Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales. Champaign, Ill, USA: Human Kinetics; 1998.
    1. King A. C., Haskell W. L., Young D. R., Oka R. K., Stefanick M. L. Long-term effects of varying intensities and formats of physical activity on participation rates, fitness, and lipoproteins in men and women aged 50 to 65 years. Circulation. 1995;91(10):2596–2604. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.91.10.2596.
    1. Choi L., Liu Z., Matthews C. E., Buchowski M. S. Validation of accelerometer wear and nonwear time classification algorithm. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2011;43(2):357–364. doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181ed61a3.
    1. Freedson P. S., Melanson E., Sirard J. Calibration of the computer science and applications, Inc. accelerometer. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1998;30(5):777–781. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199805000-00021.
    1. Glazer N. L., Lyass A., Esliger D. W., et al. Sustained and shorter bouts of physical activity are related to cardiovascular health. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2013;45(1):109–115. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31826beae5.
    1. Hart T. L., Swartz A. M., Cashin S. E., Strath S. J. How many days of monitoring predict physical activity and sedentary behaviour in older adults? International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2011;8, article 62 doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-62.
    1. Bertoni A. G., Wong N. D., Shea S., et al. Insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and subclinical atherosclerosis: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Diabetes Care. 2007;30(11):2951–2956. doi: 10.2337/dc07-1042.
    1. Canadian Hypertension Education Program. The 2014 Canadian Hypertension Education Program Recommendations. Ontario, Canada: Canadian Hypertension Education Program; 2014.
    1. Armstrong M. J., Martin B.-J., Arena R., et al. Patients with diabetes in cardiac rehabilitation: attendance and exercise capacity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2014;46(5):845–850. doi: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000189.
    1. Earnest C. The role of exercise interval training in treating cardiovascular disease risk factors. Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports. 2009;3(4):296–301. doi: 10.1007/s12170-009-0045-4.
    1. Garber C. E., Blissmer B., Deschenes M. R., et al. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2011;43(7):1334–1359. doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e318213fefb.
    1. Mediano M. F. F., Pinto V. L. M., Mendes F. D. S. N. S., Silva G. M. S., Sousa A. S. Vigorous exercise in clinical practice: balancing risks and benefits. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2014;46(5):p. 1053. doi: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000261.

Source: PubMed

Sponzoři a spolupracovníci

Zdravotní podmínky

Drogové intervence

3
Předplatit