Functional brain changes using electroencephalography after a 24-week multidomain intervention program to prevent dementia

Hee Kyung Park, Seong Hye Choi, SeonMyeong Kim, Ukeob Park, Seung Wan Kang, Jee Hyang Jeong, So Young Moon, Chang Hyung Hong, Hong-Sun Song, Buong-O Chun, Sun Min Lee, Muncheong Choi, Kyung Won Park, Byeong C Kim, Soo Hyun Cho, Hae Ri Na, Yoo Kyoung Park, Hee Kyung Park, Seong Hye Choi, SeonMyeong Kim, Ukeob Park, Seung Wan Kang, Jee Hyang Jeong, So Young Moon, Chang Hyung Hong, Hong-Sun Song, Buong-O Chun, Sun Min Lee, Muncheong Choi, Kyung Won Park, Byeong C Kim, Soo Hyun Cho, Hae Ri Na, Yoo Kyoung Park

Abstract

Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) has proven useful in predicting the response to various treatments, but, until now, no study has investigated changes in functional connectivity using QEEG following a lifestyle intervention program. We aimed to investigate neurophysiological changes in QEEG after a 24-week multidomain lifestyle intervention program in the SoUth Korean study to PrEvent cognitive impaiRment and protect BRAIN health through lifestyle intervention in at-risk elderly people (SUPERBRAIN). Participants without dementia and with at least one modifiable dementia risk factor, aged 60-79 years, were randomly assigned to the facility-based multidomain intervention (FMI) (n = 51), the home-based multidomain intervention (HMI) (n = 51), and the control group (n = 50). The analysis of this study included data from 44, 49, and 34 participants who underwent EEG at baseline and at the end of the study in the FMI, HMI, and control groups, respectively. The spectrum power and power ratio of EEG were calculated. Source cortical current density and functional connectivity were estimated by standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography. Participants who received the intervention showed increases in the power of the beta1 and beta3 bands and in the imaginary part of coherence of the alpha1 band compared to the control group. Decreases in the characteristic path lengths of the alpha1 band in the right supramarginal gyrus and right rostral middle frontal cortex were observed in those who received the intervention. This study showed positive biological changes, including increased functional connectivity and higher global efficiency in QEEG after a multidomain lifestyle intervention.

Clinical trial registration: [https://ichgcp.net/clinical-trials-registry/NCT03980392] identifier [NCT03980392].

Keywords: biomarkers; cognitive impairment; dementia; multidomain intervention; quantitative electroencephalography.

Conflict of interest statement

Author SYM receives a research grant from Hyundai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Author CHH receives research support from Eisai Korea Inc. Author JHJ receives research grants from Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical Corp., Jeil Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., and Kuhnil Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., and consults for PeopleBio Co. Ltd. Authors SYM, CHH, JHJ, YKP, HRN, and SHChoi are shareholders of Rowan Inc. Author HRN consults for Hyundai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Author SHChoi consults for Hyundai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., and PeopleBio Co. Ltd. Authors SK, UP, and SWK received a salary from iMediSync Inc. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Copyright © 2022 Park, Choi, Kim, Park, Kang, Jeong, Moon, Hong, Song, Chun, Lee, Choi, Park, Kim, Cho, Na and Park.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Diagram depicting the exploratory EEG substudy in the SUPERBRAIN trial. FMI, facility-based multidomain intervention; HMI, home-based multidomain intervention; EEG, electroencephalography.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Comparison of band power changes between all intervention and control groups. (A) Difference between post-intervention and pre-intervention in the control group (G1) showed an increase in the absolute power of the alpha1 band in the frontal, central, and temporal regions than in all intervention groups (G2). (B) An increase in the relative power of the beta1 band in the occipital region (p = 0.041) after the intervention was observed in all intervention groups (G2) compared with the control group (G1). (C) An increase in the absolute power of the beta3 band in the right parietal region (p = 0.022) after the intervention was observed in all intervention groups (G2) compared with the control group (G1).
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Comparison of changes in the imaginary part of coherence (iCoh) of the alpha1 band. Regions with significant differences in the iCoh changes between two groups are shown in the figures. Red lines represent a significant increase in the iCoh of the alpha1 band in the intervention group (G2) than in the control group (G1). Blue lines represent a significant increase in the iCoh of the alpha1 band in the control group (G1) than in the intervention group (G2). (A) Comparison of the control group (G1) with all intervention groups (G2), including facility-based multidomain intervention (FMI) and home-based multidomain intervention (HMI) groups. (B) Comparison of the FMI group (G2) with the control group (G1). (C) Comparison of the HMI group (G2) with the control group (G1).

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