The comparison of the effects of three physiotherapy techniques on hamstring flexibility in children: a prospective, randomized, single-blind study

Dariusz Czaprowski, Justyna Leszczewska, Aleksandra Kolwicz, Paulina Pawłowska, Agnieszka Kędra, Piotr Janusz, Tomasz Kotwicki, Dariusz Czaprowski, Justyna Leszczewska, Aleksandra Kolwicz, Paulina Pawłowska, Agnieszka Kędra, Piotr Janusz, Tomasz Kotwicki

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in hamstring flexibility in 120 asymptomatic children who participated in a 6-week program consisting of one physiotherapy session per week and daily home exercises. The recruitment criteria included age (10-13 years), no pain, injury or musculoskeletal disorder throughout the previous year, physical activity limited to school sport. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: (1) post-isometric relaxation - PIR (n = 40), (2) static stretch combined with stabilizing exercises - SS (n = 40) and (3) stabilizing exercises - SE (n = 40). Hamstring flexibility was assessed with straight leg raise (SLR), popliteal angle (PA) and finger-to-floor (FTF) tests. The examinations were conducted by blinded observers twice, prior to the program and a week after the last session with the physiotherapist. Twenty-six children who did not participate in all six exercise sessions with physiotherapists were excluded from the analysis. The results obtained by 94 children were analyzed (PIR, n = 32; SS, n = 31; SE, n = 31). In the PIR and SS groups, a significant (P<0.01) increase in SLR, PA, FTF results was observed. In the SE group, a significant (P<0.001) increase was observed in the SLR but not in the PA and FTF (P>0.05). SLR result in the PIR and SS groups was significantly (P<0.001) higher than in the SE group. As far as PA results are concerned, a significant difference was observed only between the SS and SE groups (P = 0.014). There were no significant (P = 0.15) differences regarding FTF results between the three groups. Post-isometric muscle relaxation and static stretch with stabilizing exercises led to a similar increase in hamstring flexibility and trunk forward bend in healthy 10-13-year-old children. The exercises limited to straightening gluteus maximus improved the SLR result, but did not change the PA and FTF results.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1. The protocol of the study.
Figure 1. The protocol of the study.
Figure 2. Straight leg raise test.
Figure 2. Straight leg raise test.
Figure 3. Popliteal angle test.
Figure 3. Popliteal angle test.
Figure 4. Finger-to-floor test.
Figure 4. Finger-to-floor test.
Figure 5. Post-isometric hamstring relaxation.
Figure 5. Post-isometric hamstring relaxation.
Figure 6. Static stretching of hamstrings.
Figure 6. Static stretching of hamstrings.
Figure 7. Gluteus maximus activation in a…
Figure 7. Gluteus maximus activation in a supine position.
Figure 8. Gluteus maximus activation in a…
Figure 8. Gluteus maximus activation in a standing position.

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Source: PubMed

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