Absorption and Elimination of Oat Avenanthramides in Humans after Acute Consumption of Oat Cookies

Tianou Zhang, Jing Shao, Yike Gao, Chi Chen, Dan Yao, Yi Fang Chu, Jodee Johnson, Chounghun Kang, Dongwook Yeo, Li Li Ji, Tianou Zhang, Jing Shao, Yike Gao, Chi Chen, Dan Yao, Yi Fang Chu, Jodee Johnson, Chounghun Kang, Dongwook Yeo, Li Li Ji

Abstract

Background: Avenanthramides (AVA) are a group of diphenolic acids found only in oats that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Absorption of AVAs in humans after oral consumption of natural oat flour is unknown.

Objective: To examine the appearance of AVAs in plasma after oral ingestion of oat cookies and estimate key pharmacokinetic parameters.

Methods: Male and female nonobese participants (n = 16) consumed three cookies made with oat flour containing high (229.6 mg/kg, H-AVA) or low (32.7 mg/kg, L-AVA) amounts of AVAs, including AVA-A, AVA-B, and AVA-C. Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 h after ingestion. Plasma total (conjugated and free) AVA concentrations were quantified using UPLC-MS, and pharmacokinetic parameters for each AVA were estimated.

Results: AVAs reached peak concentrations in plasma between 2 and 3 h for the H-AVA group and between 1 and 2 h for the L-AVA group. Maximal plasma concentrations for AVAs were higher in the H-AVA than in the L-AVA group. AVA-B demonstrated a longer half-life and slower elimination rate than AVA-A and AVA-C.

Conclusions: AVAs found naturally in oats are absorbed in the plasma after oral administration in humans. AVA-B has the slowest elimination rate and the longest half-life compared to AVA-A and AVA-C, while AVA-C demonstrated the lowest plasma concentrations. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02415374.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Plasma AVA (bottom) and AVA standard (top) TOF-MS chromatographs. (a) The retention times for AVA-A standard and plasma AVA-A were both 4.68 min. (b) The retention times for AVA-B standard and plasma AVA-B were 4.80 min and 4.85 min, respectively. (c) The retention times for AVA-C standard and plasma AVA-C were 4.26 min and 4.29 min, respectively.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Changes in plasma AVA concentration over time. (a), (b) and (c) represent AVA-A, AVA-B and AVA-C, respectively. Data shown as mean ± SD at each time point. Mean AUC0–t was compared between H-AVA and L-AVA for AVA-A, AVA-B, and AVA-C. ∗P < 0.001, H-AVA versus L-AVA

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Source: PubMed

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