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Gingival Hyperpigmentation Treatment

15 mai 2026 mis à jour par: Nourhan Abdallah Abdelkhalek, Cairo University

Gingival Hyperpigmentation Treatment With Injectable Vitamin C in Conjunction With Glutathione Versus The Conventional Surgical Depigmentation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

It is a clinical study conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin C and Glucathonine injection of pigmented gingival tissue versus surgical removal by scalpel

Aperçu de l'étude

Statut

Recrutement

Les conditions

Intervention / Traitement

Description détaillée

Over the last decade, an increasing interest has been observed in esthetic treatments. In fact, The smile is an important aesthetic component of the face and significantly impacts the perception of beauty and psychological well-being. Gingival hyperpigmentation has been an aesthetic problem for many patients, which can definitely affect their psychosocial behavior.

Gingival hyperpigmentation is not a condition and can be defined as " a darker gingival color beyond what is normally expected". Moreover, it can be attributed to multiple external or internal factors. It may be physiological (excessive melanin deposition) or pathological (smoking).

Gingival Depigmentation can be treated by different modalities including chemical and surgical methods. Lately, gingival Depigmentation was carried out by lasers, cryosurgery and radiosurgery.

Additionally, multiple evidence have suggested the use of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) to treat gin- gival pigmentation. It was demonstrated that ascorbic acid is a water-soluble antioxidant and an essential nutrient for collagen biosynthesis. Furthermore, it was proven that it is effective in the elimination of hyperpigmented lesion.

Lately, glutathione has come into focus in aesthetics because of its antimelanogenic (inhibits melanosome transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes) and antioxidant properties. It aids in skin lightening because it inhibits tyrosinase enzymes. Moreover, the use of vitamin C and glutathione has been well established, as they participate in antioxidant cellular defense systems. The series of oxidation-reduction reactions that allow vitamin C and glutathione to interact each other makes them unique The aim of the current study is to evaluate the efficacy of its rather-epidermal vitamin C in conjunction with glutathione injection compared to the conventional surgical technique in order to manage patients with gingival hyperpigmentation.

Type d'étude

Interventionnel

Inscription (Estimé)

30

Phase

  • Phase 2

Contacts et emplacements

Cette section fournit les coordonnées de ceux qui mènent l'étude et des informations sur le lieu où cette étude est menée.

Coordonnées de l'étude

Lieux d'étude

    • Faiyum Governorate
      • Al Fayyum, Faiyum Governorate, Egypte, 63511
        • Recrutement
        • Faculty of Dentistry
        • Contact:
          • Amr E Emaraa, Associate professor

Critères de participation

Les chercheurs recherchent des personnes qui correspondent à une certaine description, appelée critères d'éligibilité. Certains exemples de ces critères sont l'état de santé général d'une personne ou des traitements antérieurs.

Critère d'éligibilité

Âges éligibles pour étudier

  • Adulte
  • Adulte plus âgé

Accepte les volontaires sains

Oui

La description

Inclusion Criteria:

The selection criteria were done according to Gingival pigmentation index is as follows (Dummett and Bolden)10:

  1. Score0:absence of pigmentation
  2. Score1:spotsofbrowntoblackcolororpigments
  3. Score2:browntoblackpatchesbutnotdiffusepigmentation
  4. Score3:diffuse brown to black pigmentation,marginal,and attached.

Patients who have Dummett and Bolden index score 1, 2, or 3 will be included in addition to the following criteria:

  1. above 18yrs
  2. systemically free
  3. physiologic gingival hyperpigmentation related to esthetic region
  4. well maintained oral hygiene and willing to undergo minor surgical procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. systemic diseases associated with pathological hyperpigmentation or improper delayed wound healing (uncontrolled diabetes, autoimmune diseases, etc.)
  2. pregnant and lactating mothers
  3. usage of chlorhexidine or povidone iodine
  4. Local causes (smoking)
  5. periodontal diseases (plaque and non-plaque induced gingivitis or periodontitis)
  6. non compliant patients

Plan d'étude

Cette section fournit des détails sur le plan d'étude, y compris la façon dont l'étude est conçue et ce que l'étude mesure.

Comment l'étude est-elle conçue ?

Détails de conception

  • Objectif principal: Traitement
  • Répartition: Randomisé
  • Modèle interventionnel: Affectation parallèle
  • Masquage: Aucun (étiquette ouverte)

Armes et Interventions

Groupe de participants / Bras
Intervention / Traitement
Expérimental: Arm1:(Vit C & glutathione injection)

The site of interest will be anesthetized using topical anesthetic agent (lignocaine gel or xylocaine gel). Infiltration anesthesia will be recommended during the first injection visit. Intraepidermal injection of 1-1.5 ml of vitamin C and glutathione will be performed. It will be locally introduced in relation to the keratinized gingival tissues with extension to the whole target region successively using special syringes (50 gauge).

The needle will be introduced parallel to the gingival tissues with the bevel facing upwards. Vitamin C & glutathione will then be delivered through the attached gingival tissues at the epithelium-connective tissue junction (equivalent to epidermal- dermal junction) till the tissues blanch. Maximum 0.1 ml of injection is recommended for each point with 2-3 mm apart. The same dose will be repeated once per week for maximum 4 visits till no further color improvement gained.

Vitamins c and glutathione injection that usually used for cosmetic skin care (whitening)
Comparateur actif: ATM 2: surgical depigmentation

Using a 15c blade an epithelial layer and part of connective tissue will be removed till the pigmentation disappears with ultra care not to expose the bone. The marginal and interdental papillary tissues remain critical regions, fortunately, they are not deeply pigmented. Periodontal dressing is recommended for minimal 7 days postoperative.

Patients will be instructed to avoid the mechanical trauma to the treated sites. Patients will be administering an analgesic (Ibuprofen 400 mg) to be used as needed. Following each injection visit, the patients will be asked to abstain from mechanical oral hygiene procedures in relation to the target region for the day of procedure only. Plain tooth pastes (Colgate toothpaste) with anti- inflammatory mouthwash (Citrolin mouth, Pharco Company, Egypt) were recommended.

Removal of gingival pigmentation by scalpel

Que mesure l'étude ?

Principaux critères de jugement

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
Degree of gingival pigmentation by Takashi index (Hanioka et al., 2005)
Délai: baseline: before surgery/injection (day1), after 1 mon ,3 mon ,6 mon and 9 month

Degree of gingival pigmentation 0: no pigmentation

  1. solitary unit (s) of pigmentation in papillary gingiva without extension between neighboring solitary units
  2. formation of continuous ribbon extending from neighboring solitary units)
baseline: before surgery/injection (day1), after 1 mon ,3 mon ,6 mon and 9 month
Degree of gingival pigmentation by Gingival pigmentation index (Kumar et al., 2013)
Délai: The color assessment will be evaluated in the daylight and by examining the regular digital photographs which will be taken pre-operative (day of the procedure / day 1), and post-operatively after 1 month and 9 months.
Score 0: absence Score 1: spots of brown to black Score 2: brown to black patches but not diffuse Score 3: diffuse brown to black pigmentation
The color assessment will be evaluated in the daylight and by examining the regular digital photographs which will be taken pre-operative (day of the procedure / day 1), and post-operatively after 1 month and 9 months.

Mesures de résultats secondaires

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
Pain score
Délai: visual analogue scale (VAS) after the surgery/injection (day 1) till 10 days after (day 10 after the surgery/injection)
VAS scores pain will be divided into ten numerical parts consisting of one cm each on a horizontal line with two endpoints (left and right), with "0" representing "no pain" to "10" representing "severe pain."
visual analogue scale (VAS) after the surgery/injection (day 1) till 10 days after (day 10 after the surgery/injection)
Itching
Délai: visual analogue scale (VAS) after the surgery/injection (day 1) till 10 days after (day 10 after the surgery/injection)
A vertical scale for wound itching was measured with a scale with five scores: no itching (0) mild itching (1point) moderate itching (2 points) severe itching (3 points) extremely severe (4 points)
visual analogue scale (VAS) after the surgery/injection (day 1) till 10 days after (day 10 after the surgery/injection)
Patient satisfaction
Délai: At the end of the follow up period ( 9 months)
using a 5- graded self-assessment analysis (Huh et al. 2003). excellent (grade 4: improved over 75%) good (grade 3: improved 50e75%) moderate (grade 2: improved 25e50%) fair (grade 1: improved less than 25%) no change or worse (grade 0: not improved or darkened)
At the end of the follow up period ( 9 months)

Collaborateurs et enquêteurs

C'est ici que vous trouverez les personnes et les organisations impliquées dans cette étude.

Parrainer

Collaborateurs

Les enquêteurs

  • Chercheur principal: Nourhan A Abdullah, Phd, Lecturer at faculty of dentistry, Fayoum university

Dates d'enregistrement des études

Ces dates suivent la progression des dossiers d'étude et des soumissions de résultats sommaires à ClinicalTrials.gov. Les dossiers d'étude et les résultats rapportés sont examinés par la Bibliothèque nationale de médecine (NLM) pour s'assurer qu'ils répondent à des normes de contrôle de qualité spécifiques avant d'être publiés sur le site Web public.

Dates principales de l'étude

Début de l'étude (Réel)

1 août 2025

Achèvement primaire (Estimé)

1 janvier 2027

Achèvement de l'étude (Estimé)

1 octobre 2027

Dates d'inscription aux études

Première soumission

11 mai 2026

Première soumission répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

15 mai 2026

Première publication (Réel)

19 mai 2026

Mises à jour des dossiers d'étude

Dernière mise à jour publiée (Réel)

19 mai 2026

Dernière mise à jour soumise répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

15 mai 2026

Dernière vérification

1 mai 2026

Plus d'information

Termes liés à cette étude

Autres numéros d'identification d'étude

  • IRB00012891#159

Plan pour les données individuelles des participants (IPD)

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INDÉCIS

Informations sur les médicaments et les dispositifs, documents d'étude

Étudie un produit pharmaceutique réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Étudie un produit d'appareil réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Ces informations ont été extraites directement du site Web clinicaltrials.gov sans aucune modification. Si vous avez des demandes de modification, de suppression ou de mise à jour des détails de votre étude, veuillez contacter register@clinicaltrials.gov. Dès qu'un changement est mis en œuvre sur clinicaltrials.gov, il sera également mis à jour automatiquement sur notre site Web .