Virtual Reality and Point-of-View Video Modeling for Dental Anxiety in Children
Comparison of "Virtual Reality" (VR) and "Point-of-View" (POV) Video Modeling Techniques for Reducing Dental Anxiety in Children
Dental anxiety is common among children and may make dental treatment more difficult. This study aims to compare three non-pharmacological behavior guidance techniques for reducing dental anxiety and improving cooperation during invasive fissure sealant treatment in children aged 6-10 years.
Children who require an invasive fissure sealant on a mandibular first molar and meet the study eligibility criteria will be included. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups. The first group will watch a 1.5-2-minute Point-of-View (POV) video showing the dental examination and treatment process from a child's perspective before the dental procedure. The second group will use virtual reality (VR) glasses during the procedure and watch age-appropriate animation or cartoon content as an active distraction technique. The control group will receive the standard Tell-Show-Do behavior guidance technique.
Dental anxiety, behavior, physiological responses, and pain will be assessed using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), Facial Image Scale (FIS), Frankl Behavior Rating Scale, pulse rate, oxygen saturation, and Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. A post-intervention satisfaction and experience questionnaire will also be administered to assess the children's experiences with the behavior guidance techniques.
The study is expected to provide comparative evidence regarding the effectiveness of POV video modeling and VR distraction compared with the standard Tell-Show-Do technique in managing dental anxiety and improving children's cooperation during dental treatment.
Aperçu de l'étude
Statut
Statut
Les conditions
Les conditions
Intervention / Traitement
Intervention / Traitement
Description détaillée
The Facial Image Scale (FIS) will be used to evaluate the child's anxiety at four predefined time points: while the child is waiting in the waiting area, after sitting in the dental unit before the behavior guidance technique, after application of the assigned behavior guidance technique, and after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure.
Pulse rate and oxygen saturation will also be recorded at the same four assessment time points using a pulse oximeter. The Frankl Behavior Rating Scale will be used to assess behavioral cooperation before and during the dental procedure. Immediately after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure, pain will be assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. A post-intervention satisfaction and experience questionnaire will also be administered to evaluate the child's experience and perceived comfort with the assigned behavior guidance technique.
Type d'étude
Type d'étude
Inscription (Estimé)
Inscription
Phase
Phase
- N'est pas applicable
Contacts et emplacements
Coordonnées de l'étude
Coordonnées de l'étude
- Nom: Ezgi Demir
- Numéro de téléphone: +905399598979
- E-mail: ezgidemir@gazi.edu.tr
Sauvegarde des contacts de l'étude
- Nom: Didem Atabek, Prof. Dr
- Numéro de téléphone: +903122034080
- E-mail: didemyolalici@gazi.edu.tr
Lieux d'étude
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Ankara, Turquie (Türkiye)
- Recrutement
- Gazi University Faculty of Dentistry
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Contact:
- Ezgi Demir
- Numéro de téléphone: +905399598979
- E-mail: ezgidemir@gazi.edu.tr
-
Contact:
- Didem Atabek, Prof. Dr.
- Numéro de téléphone: +903122034080
- E-mail: didemyolalici@gazi.edu.tr
-
-
Critères de participation
Critère d'éligibilité
Critère d'éligibilité
Âges éligibles pour étudier
Accepte les volontaires sains
Sexes éligibles pour l'étude
La description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Children aged 6-10 years.
- Children without any systemic or psychiatric disorder or special needs.
- Children who do not require emergency dental treatment.
- Children whose parent(s) provide written and/or verbal informed consent for participation in the study.
- Children who agree to participate in the assigned intervention, including watching the POV video or using virtual reality (VR) glasses, as applicable.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Children with a systemic or psychiatric disorder or special needs.
- Children who require emergency dental treatment.
- Children who refuse to use virtual reality (VR) glasses.
Plan d'étude
Comment l'étude est-elle conçue ?
Détails de conception
- Objectif principal: Autre
- Répartition: Randomisé
- Modèle interventionnel: Affectation parallèle
- Masquage: Aucun (étiquette ouverte)
Nombre de bras
Armes et Interventions
Groupe de participants / BrasGroupe de participants / Bras |
Intervention / TraitementIntervention / Traitement |
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Expérimental: POV Video Modeling Group
Participants in this group will watch a 1.5-2-minute Point-of-View (POV) video before the dental procedure. The video presents the dental examination and treatment process from a child's perspective and is designed to familiarize the child with the dental procedure before invasive fissure sealant treatment. |
Participants will watch a 1.5-2-minute Point-of-View (POV) video before the dental procedure. The video presents the dental examination and treatment process from a child's perspective and is intended to familiarize the child with the dental procedure before invasive fissure sealant treatment. |
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Expérimental: Virtual Reality (VR) Group
Participants in this group will use virtual reality (VR) glasses during the dental procedure. Age-appropriate animation or cartoon content will be presented through the VR glasses as an active distraction technique during invasive fissure sealant treatment. |
Participants will use virtual reality (VR) glasses during the dental procedure. Age-appropriate animation or cartoon content will be presented through the VR glasses as an active distraction technique during invasive fissure sealant treatment. |
|
Comparateur actif: Tell-Show-Do Control Group
Participants in this group will receive the standard Tell-Show-Do behavior guidance technique before and during the invasive fissure sealant procedure. The child will be introduced to the dental procedure using the standard Tell-Show-Do approach. |
Participants in the control group will receive the standard Tell-Show-Do behavior guidance technique before and during the invasive fissure sealant procedure. The child will be introduced to the dental procedure using the standard Tell-Show-Do approach. |
Que mesure l'étude ?
Principaux critères de jugement
Principaux critères de jugement
Mesure des résultats |
Description de la mesure |
Délai |
|---|---|---|
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Facial Image Scale (FIS) Score
Délai: Visit 1: Within 1 min after dental examination. Visit 2 (2 weeks later): (1) Before dental examination; (2) within 1 min after seating; (3) within 1 min after behavior guidance; (4) within 1 min after fissure sealant.
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The Facial Image Scale (FIS) is a self-report measure used to assess dental anxiety in children. It consists of five facial images representing increasing levels of anxiety, scored from 1 to 5. A score of 1 indicates the least anxiety, whereas a score of 5 indicates the highest anxiety. Higher scores indicate greater dental anxiety and therefore a worse outcome. FIS scores will be recorded at five time points. During the first visit, the FIS will be administered within 1 minute after completion of the dental examination. During the second visit, which will take place 2 weeks after the initial visit, FIS scores will be recorded at four time points: (1) in the waiting area immediately before the dental examination; (2) within 1 minute after the child is seated in the dental chair; (3) within 1 minute after completion of the assigned behavior guidance technique and before dental treatment; and (4) within 1 minute after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure. |
Visit 1: Within 1 min after dental examination. Visit 2 (2 weeks later): (1) Before dental examination; (2) within 1 min after seating; (3) within 1 min after behavior guidance; (4) within 1 min after fissure sealant.
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Mesures de résultats secondaires
Mesures de résultats secondaires
Mesure des résultats |
Description de la mesure |
Délai |
|---|---|---|
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Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) Score
Délai: Visit 1: Within 5 min after dental examination. Visit 2 (2 weeks later): Within 5 min after fissure sealant procedure.
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Dental fear and anxiety will be assessed using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), a 15-item scale scored from 15 to 75. Higher scores indicate greater dental fear and anxiety and a worse outcome. Scores are categorized as low (≤32), moderate (33-37), and high (≥38) dental anxiety. CFSS-DS scores will be recorded within 5 minutes after completion of the dental examination during the first visit and within 5 minutes after completion of the fissure sealant procedure during the second visit, which will take place 2 weeks after the initial visit. |
Visit 1: Within 5 min after dental examination. Visit 2 (2 weeks later): Within 5 min after fissure sealant procedure.
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Frankl Behavior Rating Scale Score
Délai: Visit 1: During the dental examination. Visit 2: Before the behavior guidance technique: during the dental examination; after the behavior guidance technique: Throughout the fissure sealant procedure, including at treatment completion.
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The child's behavior will be assessed using the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale, which consists of four categories scored from 1 to 4: definitely negative (1), negative (2), positive (3), and definitely positive (4). Higher scores indicate more positive behavior and a better outcome.The child's behavior will be observed during the dental examination at the first visit and, at the second visit, during the dental examination before the behavior guidance technique and throughout the fissure sealant procedure, including at treatment completion. The second visit will take place 2 weeks after the initial visit. |
Visit 1: During the dental examination. Visit 2: Before the behavior guidance technique: during the dental examination; after the behavior guidance technique: Throughout the fissure sealant procedure, including at treatment completion.
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Pulse Rate
Délai: Visit 2: (1) In the waiting area, before dental examination; (2) within 1 min after seating in dental unit; (3) within 1 min after behavior guidance, before dental treatment; (4) within 1 min after fissure sealant.
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Pulse rate (beats per minute, bpm) will be measured at four time points during the second visit: (1) in the waiting area immediately before the dental examination; (2) within 1 minute after the child is seated in the dental chair; (3) within 1 minute after completion of the assigned behavior guidance technique and before dental treatment; and (4) within 1 minute after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure. |
Visit 2: (1) In the waiting area, before dental examination; (2) within 1 min after seating in dental unit; (3) within 1 min after behavior guidance, before dental treatment; (4) within 1 min after fissure sealant.
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Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)
Délai: Visit 2: (1) In the waiting area, before dental examination; (2) within 1 min after seating in dental unit; (3) within 1 min after behavior guidance, before dental treatment; (4) within 1 min after fissure sealant.
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Oxygen saturation (SpO₂), expressed as a percentage (%), will be measured at four time points during the second visit: (1) in the waiting area immediately before the dental examination; (2) within 1 minute after the child is seated in the dental chair; (3) within 1 minute after completion of the assigned behavior guidance technique and before dental treatment; and (4) within 1 minute after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure. Changes in SpO₂ will be evaluated across these time points. |
Visit 2: (1) In the waiting area, before dental examination; (2) within 1 min after seating in dental unit; (3) within 1 min after behavior guidance, before dental treatment; (4) within 1 min after fissure sealant.
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Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale Score
Délai: Visit 2: Within 1 min after completion of the fissure sealant procedure.
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Pain intensity will be assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, scored from 0 to 10 in increments of 2 (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10). A score of 0 indicates no pain, while 10 indicates the worst pain. Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity and a worse outcome. Pain will be assessed within 1 minute after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure during the second visit. |
Visit 2: Within 1 min after completion of the fissure sealant procedure.
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Satisfaction and Experience Questionnaire
Délai: Visit 2: Within 5 min after completion of the fissure sealant procedure (POV and VR groups only).
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A post-intervention Satisfaction and Experience Questionnaire will be administered to participants in the POV Video Modeling and Virtual Reality (VR) groups within 5 minutes after completion of the fissure sealant procedure to assess their satisfaction, perceptions, and comfort regarding the assigned behavior guidance technique. Items will be answered with "Yes" or "No." |
Visit 2: Within 5 min after completion of the fissure sealant procedure (POV and VR groups only).
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Collaborateurs et enquêteurs
Parrainer
Parrainer
Collaborateurs
Collaborateurs
Les enquêteurs
Les enquêteurs
- Chercheur principal: Didem Atabek, Prof. Dr., Gazi University
Publications et liens utiles
Publications générales
- Kasimoglu Y, Alpaycetin E, Ince G, Tuna Ince EB. Reduction of Dental Anxiety in Children Using Virtual Reality: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2025 Sep 1;26(3):185-191. doi: 10.23804/ejpd.2024.2109. Epub 2024 Oct 1.
- Biradar NV, Patil SK, Pustake BJ, Kothawade DS. A Comparative Evaluation of Three Different Modeling Videos on Dental Anxiety of 3-6-year-old Children Requiring Treatment under Local Anesthesia: A Parallel, Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2024 Dec;17(12):1357-1362. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3016.
- Hine JF, Hajek RT, Roberts HJ, Allen KD. Decreasing disruptive behaviour during routine dental visits: a video modelling intervention for young children. Int Dent J. 2019 Aug;69(4):265-272. doi: 10.1111/idj.12457. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
- Anaturk S, Ozkan HD, Saral IP, Cakar T. Determining the Effect of Video Information on the Dental Anxiety Levels of the Endodontic Patients: A Randomised Clinical Trial. J Oral Rehabil. 2025 Nov;52(11):1933-1944. doi: 10.1111/joor.14054. Epub 2025 Jun 12.
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Début de l'étude (Réel)
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Plus d'information
Termes liés à cette étude
Mots clés
Autres numéros d'identification d'étude
Autres numéros d'identification d'étude
- 2025-2098
Plan pour les données individuelles des participants (IPD)
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Informations sur les médicaments et les dispositifs, documents d'étude
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