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- Essai clinique NCT03368755
IUGR, Respiratory Muscle Function, and Exercise Capacity in Childhood
Effect of Intrauterine Growth Restriction on Respiratory Muscle Function and Exercise Tolerance in Childhood
Aperçu de l'étude
Statut
Les conditions
Description détaillée
Introduction
Epidemiological evidence supports the existence of a link between intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and reduced exercise capacity in young adulthood. Prolonged intrauterine hypoxia results in redistribution of fetal cardiac output towards the vital organs at the expense of skeletal muscles, and experimental data show that the muscles of animals exposed to IUGR may suffer permanent structural and functional changes. Prematurity, which often accompanies IUGR, is also associated with reduced exercise capacity later in life, supposedly due to airflow limitation, air trapping and/or reduced gas-exchange capacity.
The respiratory muscles (RM) play a central role in the development (and perception) of locomotor muscle fatigue, which represents the major determinant of exercise limitation in otherwise healthy subjects. Heavy and/or sustained respiratory work leads to accumulation of metabolites in RM and triggers reflexes that increase the sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow to the skeletal muscles, thus promoting fatigue. In support of the above concept, targeted RM training has been shown to increase the fatigability threshold and improve exercise performance.
RM function can be assessed by means of strength and endurance, which can be estimated non-invasively by the maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressure (Pimax and Pemax), and the tension-time index (TTImus), respectively. TTImus is a composite parameter that reflects the balance between the capacity of RM and the load imposed upon them; high TTImus values indicate low endurance and increased risk of respiratory fatigue. In adults, impaired exercise tolerance is associated with reduced RM strength and endurance, both in normal and pathological conditions. However, similar data are not available in children.
Hypothesis and objectives
The study hypothesis is that IUGR may have long-term effects on RM function, thus leading to reduced exercise capacity later in life. Other factors, such as the presence and degree of respiratory dysfunction, the performance of the skeletal muscles and the nutritional status, may also be involved. The study objective is to investigate the above hypothesis by comparing RM function and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) parameters between school-aged children exposed to IUGR and healthy controls, taking also into account the aforementioned confounders.
Methods
Population
In this case-control study, 50 school-aged children (7-10 years old) exposed to IUGR (birth weight <10th percentile & fetal ultrasound documentation) will be compared with 100 matched for age and gestational age controls. The study will be performed in the Pediatric CPET laboratory of the University Hospital of Patras, Greece, during a 2-year period (2018-2020). Participants will be recruited from the long-term follow-up program offered to all children who are born preterm or with IUGR, and from the local schools (healthy full-term controls). The protocol will be approved by the hospital Ethics Committee and parental informed consent will be obtained prior to enrollment.
Protocol
After a thorough review of the medical history, participants will undergo the following tests:
- Nutritional status, body composition and skeletal muscle strength. Initially, weight and height will be measured, and the body mass index (BMI) will be calculated. Body composition (muscular mass, body fat, water) will be determined by the InBody 270 Body Composition Analyzer (Biospace, Seoul, Korea) using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Skeletal muscle strength (grasping power) will be measured using a digital grip dynamometer (Grip-D, TAKEI, Japan).
- Lung function measurements. Spirometry, measurement of lung volumes (helium dilution technique) and measurement of lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) will be performed prior to CPET using the Jaeger MasterScreen PFT device (CareFusion, San Diego, USA). Spirometric measurements will be repeated at 5, 10, and 15 minutes after CPET.
- RM function. Pimax, Pemax, airway pressure at 100 msec after occlusion (P0.1), and Ti and Ttot will be measured by the Micro 5000 device (Medisoft, Sorinnes, Belgium) according to the guidelines. TTImus will be calculated as (Pimean / Pimax) x (Ti / Ttot), where Pimean is the mean airway pressure resulting from the formula Pimean = 5 x P0.1 x Ti. RM function will be determined a) prior to CPET, b) during CPET when the anaerobic threshold (AT) will be reached, and c) after CPET, when heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption will be normalized (recovery period).
- CPET. CPET will be performed by the Ultima CPX system (Medgraphics, St. Paul, USA), using a cycle ergometer and according to a standardized protocol11 and the established guidelines. The following parameters will be recorded: total work in Watts, maximum HR, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), AT indices (work, HR, VO2 ) and duration of recovery.
Statistical analysis
Between-group comparisons will be performed with Student's t or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate. Linear regression analysis will be used to explore the relationship between RM function and CPET parameters, after adjustment for nutritional status, body composition, lung function, and prematurity. The trend of Pimax, Pemax, and TTImus changes during CPET (baseline - AT - recovery) will be also assessed and compared between groups. The analyses will be performed using the IBM SPSS version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY).
Innovation and implications
The study will be the first to explore whether IUGR is associated with impaired exercise tolerance in childhood due to RM dysfunction, while taking into account the confounding effect of prematurity, impaired lung function, body composition and nutritional status.
Should the relationship IUGR - RM dysfunction - exercise limitation be confirmed, it will provide new insights on the long-term effects of IUGR; impaired exercise tolerance may lead to reduced physical activity, thus enhancing the well-known metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of IUGR later in life. In this regard, the findings of this study may assist in identifying children at risk and planning targeted strategies to improve exercise capacity in this vulnerable population.
Type d'étude
Inscription (Anticipé)
Phase
- N'est pas applicable
Contacts et emplacements
Coordonnées de l'étude
- Nom: Sotirios Fouzas, MD, PhD
- Numéro de téléphone: +302610999980
- E-mail: sfouzas@upatras.gr
Lieux d'étude
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Patras, Grèce, 26442
- Recrutement
- University Hospital of Patras
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Contact:
- Sotirios Fouzas
- E-mail: sfouzas@gmail.com
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Critères de participation
Critère d'éligibilité
Âges éligibles pour étudier
Accepte les volontaires sains
Sexes éligibles pour l'étude
La description
Inclusion Criteria:
- (Cases) School-aged children (7-10 years old) exposed to IUGR (birth weight <10th percentile & fetal ultrasound documentation)
- (Controls) School-aged children (7-10 years old) NOT exposed to IUGR (birth weight >10th percentile)
Exclusion Criteria:
- Disability
- Congenital heart disease
- Current (active) respiratory infection
Plan d'étude
Comment l'étude est-elle conçue ?
Détails de conception
- Objectif principal: Diagnostique
- Répartition: Non randomisé
- Modèle interventionnel: Affectation parallèle
- Masquage: Double
Armes et Interventions
Groupe de participants / Bras |
Intervention / Traitement |
---|---|
Expérimental: Cases (IUGR)
50 school-aged children (7-10 years old) exposed to IUGR (birth weight <10th percentile & fetal ultrasound documentation) and of comparable gestational age with controls Intervention: Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing and Respiratory Muscle Strength and Endurance
|
Pimax, Pemax, airway pressure at 100 msec after occlusion (P0.1), and Ti and Ttot will be measured by the Micro 5000 device (Medisoft, Sorinnes, Belgium).
TTImus will be calculated as (Pimean / Pimax) x (Ti / Ttot), where Pimean is the mean airway pressure resulting from the formula Pimean = 5 x P0.1 x Ti9.
RM function will be determined a) prior to CPET, b) during CPET when the anaerobic threshold (AT) will be reached, and c) after CPET, when heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption will be normalized.
CPET will be performed by the Ultima CPX system (Medgraphics, St. Paul, USA), using a cycle ergometer and according to a standardized protocol.
The following parameters will be recorded: total work in Watts, maximum HR, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), AT indices (work, HR, VO2 ) and duration of recovery.
|
Comparateur actif: Controls
100 school-aged children (7-10 years old) not exposed to IUGR (birth weight <10th percentile & fetal ultrasound documentation) and of comparable gestational age with cases. Intervention: Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing and Respiratory Muscle Strength and Endurance |
Pimax, Pemax, airway pressure at 100 msec after occlusion (P0.1), and Ti and Ttot will be measured by the Micro 5000 device (Medisoft, Sorinnes, Belgium).
TTImus will be calculated as (Pimean / Pimax) x (Ti / Ttot), where Pimean is the mean airway pressure resulting from the formula Pimean = 5 x P0.1 x Ti9.
RM function will be determined a) prior to CPET, b) during CPET when the anaerobic threshold (AT) will be reached, and c) after CPET, when heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption will be normalized.
CPET will be performed by the Ultima CPX system (Medgraphics, St. Paul, USA), using a cycle ergometer and according to a standardized protocol.
The following parameters will be recorded: total work in Watts, maximum HR, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), AT indices (work, HR, VO2 ) and duration of recovery.
|
Que mesure l'étude ?
Principaux critères de jugement
Mesure des résultats |
Description de la mesure |
Délai |
---|---|---|
VO2 max
Délai: 1 day (during exercise testing)
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Maximum O2 consumption, in ml/kg/min.
The index will be compared between IUGR and controls.
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1 day (during exercise testing)
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TTmus
Délai: 1 day (during exercise testing)
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Tension-time index of the respiratory muscles.
No values (ratio).
The index will be compared between IUGR and controls.
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1 day (during exercise testing)
|
Collaborateurs et enquêteurs
Parrainer
Collaborateurs
Les enquêteurs
- Chercheur principal: Sotirios Fouzas, MD, PhD, University of Patras, Greece
- Chaise d'étude: Gabriel Dimitriou, MD, PhD, University of Patras, Greece
Publications et liens utiles
Publications générales
- American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society. ATS/ERS Statement on respiratory muscle testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Aug 15;166(4):518-624. doi: 10.1164/rccm.166.4.518. No abstract available.
- Dempsey JA, Romer L, Rodman J, Miller J, Smith C. Consequences of exercise-induced respiratory muscle work. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2006 Apr 28;151(2-3):242-50. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2005.12.015.
- Svedenkrans J, Henckel E, Kowalski J, Norman M, Bohlin K. Long-term impact of preterm birth on exercise capacity in healthy young men: a national population-based cohort study. PLoS One. 2013 Dec 6;8(12):e80869. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080869. eCollection 2013.
- Rosenberg A. The IUGR newborn. Semin Perinatol. 2008 Jun;32(3):219-24. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2007.11.003.
- Lane RH, Chandorkar AK, Flozak AS, Simmons RA. Intrauterine growth retardation alters mitochondrial gene expression and function in fetal and juvenile rat skeletal muscle. Pediatr Res. 1998 May;43(5):563-70. doi: 10.1203/00006450-199805000-00001.
- Lane RH, Maclennan NK, Daood MJ, Hsu JL, Janke SM, Pham TD, Puri AR, Watchko JF. IUGR alters postnatal rat skeletal muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 gene expression in a fiber specific manner. Pediatr Res. 2003 Jun;53(6):994-1000. doi: 10.1203/01.PDR.0000064583.40495.51. Epub 2003 Mar 19.
- Kilbride HW, Gelatt MC, Sabath RJ. Pulmonary function and exercise capacity for ELBW survivors in preadolescence: effect of neonatal chronic lung disease. J Pediatr. 2003 Oct;143(4):488-93. doi: 10.1067/S0022-3476(03)00413-X.
- Regamey N, Moeller A. Paediatric exercise testing. Eur Respir Mon 2010; 47: 291-309
- McConnell AK. CrossTalk opposing view: respiratory muscle training does improve exercise tolerance. J Physiol. 2012 Aug 1;590(15):3397-8; discussion 3399-400. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.235572. No abstract available.
- Foglio K, Clini E, Facchetti D, Vitacca M, Marangoni S, Bonomelli M, Ambrosino N. Respiratory muscle function and exercise capacity in multiple sclerosis. Eur Respir J. 1994 Jan;7(1):23-8. doi: 10.1183/09031936.94.07010023.
- Godfrey S. Exercise Testing in Children. London, UK: WB Saunders Company Ltd., 1974.
- Ross MG, Beall MH. Adult sequelae of intrauterine growth restriction. Semin Perinatol. 2008 Jun;32(3):213-8. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2007.11.005.
Dates d'enregistrement des études
Dates principales de l'étude
Début de l'étude (Réel)
Achèvement primaire (Anticipé)
Achèvement de l'étude (Anticipé)
Dates d'inscription aux études
Première soumission
Première soumission répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité
Première publication (Réel)
Mises à jour des dossiers d'étude
Dernière mise à jour publiée (Réel)
Dernière mise à jour soumise répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité
Dernière vérification
Plus d'information
Termes liés à cette étude
Termes MeSH pertinents supplémentaires
Autres numéros d'identification d'étude
- IUGR-CPET_PATRAS
Plan pour les données individuelles des participants (IPD)
Prévoyez-vous de partager les données individuelles des participants (DPI) ?
Informations sur les médicaments et les dispositifs, documents d'étude
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