Metabolic fate of fructose ingested with and without glucose in a mixed meal

Fanny Theytaz, Sara de Giorgi, Leanne Hodson, Nathalie Stefanoni, Valentine Rey, Philippe Schneiter, Vittorio Giusti, Luc Tappy, Fanny Theytaz, Sara de Giorgi, Leanne Hodson, Nathalie Stefanoni, Valentine Rey, Philippe Schneiter, Vittorio Giusti, Luc Tappy

Abstract

Ingestion of pure fructose stimulates de novo lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. This may however not be relevant to typical nutritional situations, where fructose is invariably ingested with glucose. We therefore assessed the metabolic fate of fructose incorporated in a mixed meal without or with glucose in eight healthy volunteers. Each participant was studied over six hours after the ingestion of liquid meals containing either 13C-labelled fructose, unlabeled glucose, lipids and protein (Fr + G) or 13C-labelled fructose, lipids and protein, but without glucose (Fr), or protein and lipids alone (ProLip). After Fr + G, plasma 13C-glucose production accounted for 19.0% ± 1.5% and 13CO2 production for 32.2% ± 1.3% of 13C-fructose carbons. After Fr, 13C-glucose production (26.5% ± 1.4%) and 13CO2 production (36.6% ± 1.9%) were higher (p < 0.05) than with Fr + G. 13C-lactate concentration and very low density lipoprotein VLDL 13C-palmitate concentrations increased to the same extent with Fr + G and Fr, while chylomicron 13C-palmitate tended to increase more with Fr + G. These data indicate that gluconeogenesis, lactic acid production and both intestinal and hepatic de novo lipogenesis contributed to the disposal of fructose carbons ingested together with a mixed meal. Co-ingestion of glucose decreased fructose oxidation and gluconeogenesis and tended to increase 13C-pamitate concentration in gut-derived chylomicrons, but not in hepatic-borne VLDL-triacylglycerol (TG). This trial was approved by clinicaltrial. gov. Identifier is NCT01792089.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Graphical representation of metabolic tests. ProLip, protein and lipid; Fr, fructose; G, glucose.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon responses to meal ingestion. The time course for plasma glucose (A), plasma insulin (C), plasma glucagon concentrations and their corresponding incremental area under the curve (iAUC) values (B, D and F) (mean ± SEM, n = 8). Test meals were given at t = 120 min. iAUC were compared by t-tests with Bonferroni’s correction. Glucagon was log-transformed before statistical analysis. ProLip, lipid and protein; Fr, lipid, protein and fructose; Fr + G, lipid, protein, fructose and glucose. * p < 0.05 vs. ProLip; $p < 0.05 vs. Fr.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Plasma fructose, lactate and 13C-lactate responses to test meal ingestion. Time course for plasma fructose (A), lactate (C) and 13C-lactate concentrations (E) and their corresponding iAUC (B, D and F) (n = 8). * p < 0.05 vs. ProLip; $p < 0.05 vs. Fr.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Plasma 6,6-2H2-glucose (A), plasma 13C-glucose (B) and breath 13CO2 (C) isotopic enrichments. (Mean ± SEM, n = 8). Test meals were given at t = 120 min. MPE: molar percent excess; APE: atom percent excess.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Plasma NEFA (A), total TG (C), VLDL-TG (E) and chylomicron-TG (G) responses to test meal ingestion and their corresponding iAUC (B, D, F and H) (n = 8). * p < 0.05 vs. ProLip, $p < 0.05 vs. Fr.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Plasma ApoB48 (A), ApoBtot (B), 13C-palmitate-VLDL (E), 13C-palmitate-chylomicrons (G) (n = 8). Additionally, their corresponding iAUC (B, D, F and H) (n = 8). * p < 0.05 vs. ProLip, $p < 0.05 vs. Fr.

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Source: PubMed

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