Drug Resistance Spread in 6 Metropolitan Regions, Germany, 2001-20181

Melanie Stecher, Antoine Chaillon, Christoph Stephan, Elena Knops, Niko Kohmer, Clara Lehmann, Josef Eberle, Johannes Bogner, Christoph D Spinner, Anna Maria Eis-Hübinger, Jan-Christian Wasmuth, Guido Schäfer, Georg Behrens, Sanjay R Mehta, Jörg Janne Vehreschild, Martin Hoenigl, Melanie Stecher, Antoine Chaillon, Christoph Stephan, Elena Knops, Niko Kohmer, Clara Lehmann, Josef Eberle, Johannes Bogner, Christoph D Spinner, Anna Maria Eis-Hübinger, Jan-Christian Wasmuth, Guido Schäfer, Georg Behrens, Sanjay R Mehta, Jörg Janne Vehreschild, Martin Hoenigl

Abstract

We analyzed 1,397 HIV-1 pol sequences of antiretroviral therapy-naive patients in a total of 7 university hospitals in Bonn, Cologne, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Hannover, and Munich, Germany. Phylogenetic and network analysis elucidated numerous cases of shared drug resistance mutations among genetically linked patients; K103N was the most frequently shared mutation.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02149004.

Keywords: ART; Germany; HIV transmission; antimicrobial resistance; antiretroviral therapy; mutations; phylogenetic analysis; public health.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Transmission network analysis by sex and location (A) and by characteristic (B) for 1,397 patients with HIV, Germany, 2001–2018. Endemic, recent immigration from a country with HIV prevalence >1%; HTS, heterosexual patient; MSM, men who have sex with men; NA, not available; PWID, persons who inject drugs.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Presence of drug resistance mutations by location (A) and by risk factor (B) for 1,397 patients with HIV, Germany, 2001–2018. DRM, drug resistance mutation; HTS, heterosexual; MSM, men who have sex with men; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PWID, persons who inject drugs.

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Source: PubMed

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