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Effects of Warm Shower on Lactation, Fatigue, and Maternal Burnout (WARM-SHOWER)

4 luglio 2026 aggiornato da: Hediye Karakoç, KTO Karatay University

The Effect Of Warm Showers On Exhaustıon, Fatigue, Lactation Onset Symptoms and Breast Milk Quantity In The First Three Postpartum Days: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Lactation is a physiological process in which various hormones, especially prolactin and oxytocin, play a role. Methods such as warm showers are preferred because they are easy to apply and have a quick effect, as well as being cost-effective. It increases the amount of milk by showing a direct effect on oxytocin and prolactin hormones in the breastfeeding process that strengthens the bond between mother and baby. It helps to make the breastfeeding process more enjoyable for mother and baby. Guidelines in the literature emphasize that the mother should be psychologically evaluated and that practices that can relax her according to her needs should be applied to increase breastfeeding success. In addition to hormonal regulation, a warm shower improves self-care. In this way, breastfeeding motivation increases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of warm showers in the morning and evening in the first 3 postpartum days on the amount of breast milk by shedding light on hormones and lactation process.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Completato

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Descrizione dettagliata

This study is a single-center, parallel-group randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the effects of warm shower application during the first three postpartum days on maternal burnout, fatigue, lactation onset indicators, and breast milk intake among women who underwent cesarean birth. The intervention is based on the premise that warm water exposure may promote relaxation, improve physical comfort, reduce fatigue and stress, and support physiological mechanisms associated with lactation. The study aims to determine whether a structured warm shower intervention can improve maternal well-being and breastfeeding-related outcomes during the early postpartum period.

Eligible participants for the study are first-time mothers who have had a cesarean delivery and meet the study's inclusion criteria. Following the baseline assessment, participants are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention group or the control group. Women in the intervention group receive routine postpartum care plus a standard warm shower (37-39°C, 10-15 minutes) once daily at 24, 48, and 72 hours after delivery, as well as on days 7 and 14 postpartum, while women in the control group receive only routine postpartum care. Outcome assessments are conducted at baseline, immediately following the intervention, at 24, 48, and 72 hours postpartum, and during follow-up visits on the 7th and 14th days postpartum.

Maternal burnout is evaluated using the Maternal Burnout Scale, while fatigue is assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale for Fatigue. Lactation onset indicators are assessed through breast fullness and milk secretion characteristics, and infant breast milk intake is evaluated using the IMDAT Breast Milk Intake Scoring System. Data are analyzed using appropriate repeated-measures statistical methods to examine changes over time, between-group differences, and group-by-time interactions. The study aims to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness, safety, and clinical applicability of a low-cost, non-pharmacological postpartum care intervention that may support maternal recovery and breastfeeding outcomes.

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Effettivo)

64

Fase

  • Non applicabile

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Luoghi di studio

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

  • Adulto

Accetta volontari sani

Sì

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Having given birth between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation
  • Having had a cesarean delivery
  • Being a primipara
  • Being admitted to the postpartum ward within the first 6 hours
  • No physical or cognitive limitations preventing the ability to shower
  • Providing written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Premature infant or infant in the neonatal intensive care unit
  • Maternal history of infection, complications, or psychiatric diagnosis
  • Physiological condition preventing breastfeeding

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Terapia di supporto
  • Assegnazione: Randomizzato
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
  • Mascheramento: Separare

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Sperimentale: Warm Shower + Routine Postpartum Care
Participants receive routine postpartum care plus a standardized warm shower intervention during the first three postpartum days. Women in the intervention group are instructed to take a warm shower (37-39°C) once daily for 10-15 minutes following confirmation of clinical stability and mobilization readiness. The intervention is delivered in addition to routine postpartum care and is intended to promote relaxation, physical comfort, maternal well-being, and lactation-related outcomes during the early postpartum period.
Comportamentale: Warm Shower
Participants receive routine postpartum care in addition to a standardized warm shower (37-39°C, 10-15 minutes) once daily during the first three postpartum days after cesarean birth.
Nessun intervento: Routine Postpartum Care (Control)
Participants in the control group receive routine postpartum care according to hospital protocol, including standard maternal and newborn monitoring, breastfeeding support, and postpartum recovery care. No warm shower intervention is administered.

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Maternal Burnout
Lasso di tempo: Assessed at baseline (6-12 hours postpartum), immediately after the intervention, and at 24, 48, and 72 hours postpartum, as well as on postpartum days 7 and 14.
Maternal Burnout Scale (MBS). The Maternal Burnout Scale was used to assess maternal burnout levels. The scale consists of 15 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale and includes the dimensions of physical and emotional exhaustion, emotional distancing from the child, and reduced maternal accomplishment. Higher scores indicate higher levels of maternal burnout.
Assessed at baseline (6-12 hours postpartum), immediately after the intervention, and at 24, 48, and 72 hours postpartum, as well as on postpartum days 7 and 14.
Lactation Onset Indicators
Lasso di tempo: Assessed at baseline (6-12 hours postpartum), immediately after the intervention, and at 24, 48, and 72 hours postpartum, as well as on postpartum days 7 and 14.
Lactation onset indicators will be assessed as a composite outcome using the Lactation Assessment Form, which includes breast fullness, milk secretion characteristics, and post-feeding breast status.
Assessed at baseline (6-12 hours postpartum), immediately after the intervention, and at 24, 48, and 72 hours postpartum, as well as on postpartum days 7 and 14.
Postpartum Fatigue
Lasso di tempo: Assessed at baseline (6-12 hours postpartum), immediately after the intervention, and at 24, 48, and 72 hours postpartum, as well as on postpartum days 7 and 14.
Postpartum fatigue will be assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale for Fatigue (VAS-F), an 18-item instrument designed to assess fatigue. Higher scores indicate greater postpartum fatigue.
Assessed at baseline (6-12 hours postpartum), immediately after the intervention, and at 24, 48, and 72 hours postpartum, as well as on postpartum days 7 and 14.
Infant breast milk intake score
Lasso di tempo: Assessed at baseline (6-12 hours postpartum), immediately after the intervention, at 24, 48, and 72 hours postpartum, and on postpartum days 7 and 14.
Infant breast milk intake will be assessed using the IMDAT Breast Milk Intake Scoring System. Higher scores indicate greater breast milk intake. Unit of
Assessed at baseline (6-12 hours postpartum), immediately after the intervention, at 24, 48, and 72 hours postpartum, and on postpartum days 7 and 14.

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

KTO Karatay University

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Effettivo)

10 ottobre 2025

Completamento primario (Effettivo)

10 aprile 2026

Completamento dello studio (Effettivo)

15 giugno 2026

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

19 giugno 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

4 luglio 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

10 luglio 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

10 luglio 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

4 luglio 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 giugno 2026

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Parole chiave

Termini MeSH pertinenti aggiuntivi

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • KaratayU-RCT-WarmShower-2026

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

NO

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .

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