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Effects of Warm Shower on Lactation, Fatigue, and Maternal Burnout (WARM-SHOWER)

4. Juli 2026 aktualisiert von: Hediye Karakoç, KTO Karatay University

The Effect Of Warm Showers On Exhaustıon, Fatigue, Lactation Onset Symptoms and Breast Milk Quantity In The First Three Postpartum Days: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Lactation is a physiological process in which various hormones, especially prolactin and oxytocin, play a role. Methods such as warm showers are preferred because they are easy to apply and have a quick effect, as well as being cost-effective. It increases the amount of milk by showing a direct effect on oxytocin and prolactin hormones in the breastfeeding process that strengthens the bond between mother and baby. It helps to make the breastfeeding process more enjoyable for mother and baby. Guidelines in the literature emphasize that the mother should be psychologically evaluated and that practices that can relax her according to her needs should be applied to increase breastfeeding success. In addition to hormonal regulation, a warm shower improves self-care. In this way, breastfeeding motivation increases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of warm showers in the morning and evening in the first 3 postpartum days on the amount of breast milk by shedding light on hormones and lactation process.

Studienübersicht

Status

Abgeschlossen

Bedingungen

Intervention / Behandlung

Detaillierte Beschreibung

This study is a single-center, parallel-group randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the effects of warm shower application during the first three postpartum days on maternal burnout, fatigue, lactation onset indicators, and breast milk intake among women who underwent cesarean birth. The intervention is based on the premise that warm water exposure may promote relaxation, improve physical comfort, reduce fatigue and stress, and support physiological mechanisms associated with lactation. The study aims to determine whether a structured warm shower intervention can improve maternal well-being and breastfeeding-related outcomes during the early postpartum period.

Eligible participants for the study are first-time mothers who have had a cesarean delivery and meet the study's inclusion criteria. Following the baseline assessment, participants are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention group or the control group. Women in the intervention group receive routine postpartum care plus a standard warm shower (37-39°C, 10-15 minutes) once daily at 24, 48, and 72 hours after delivery, as well as on days 7 and 14 postpartum, while women in the control group receive only routine postpartum care. Outcome assessments are conducted at baseline, immediately following the intervention, at 24, 48, and 72 hours postpartum, and during follow-up visits on the 7th and 14th days postpartum.

Maternal burnout is evaluated using the Maternal Burnout Scale, while fatigue is assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale for Fatigue. Lactation onset indicators are assessed through breast fullness and milk secretion characteristics, and infant breast milk intake is evaluated using the IMDAT Breast Milk Intake Scoring System. Data are analyzed using appropriate repeated-measures statistical methods to examine changes over time, between-group differences, and group-by-time interactions. The study aims to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness, safety, and clinical applicability of a low-cost, non-pharmacological postpartum care intervention that may support maternal recovery and breastfeeding outcomes.

Studientyp

Interventionell

Einschreibung (Tatsächlich)

64

Phase

  • Unzutreffend

Kontakte und Standorte

Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Kontaktdaten derjenigen, die die Studie durchführen, und Informationen darüber, wo diese Studie durchgeführt wird.

Studienorte

Teilnahmekriterien

Forscher suchen nach Personen, die einer bestimmten Beschreibung entsprechen, die als Auswahlkriterien bezeichnet werden. Einige Beispiele für diese Kriterien sind der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand einer Person oder frühere Behandlungen.

Zulassungskriterien

Studienberechtigtes Alter

  • Erwachsene

Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige

Ja

Beschreibung

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Having given birth between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation
  • Having had a cesarean delivery
  • Being a primipara
  • Being admitted to the postpartum ward within the first 6 hours
  • No physical or cognitive limitations preventing the ability to shower
  • Providing written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Premature infant or infant in the neonatal intensive care unit
  • Maternal history of infection, complications, or psychiatric diagnosis
  • Physiological condition preventing breastfeeding

Studienplan

Dieser Abschnitt enthält Einzelheiten zum Studienplan, einschließlich des Studiendesigns und der Messung der Studieninhalte.

Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?

Designdetails

  • Hauptzweck: Unterstützende Pflege
  • Zuteilung: Zufällig
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallele Zuordnung
  • Maskierung: Single

Waffen und Interventionen

Teilnehmergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandlung
Experimental: Warm Shower + Routine Postpartum Care
Participants receive routine postpartum care plus a standardized warm shower intervention during the first three postpartum days. Women in the intervention group are instructed to take a warm shower (37-39°C) once daily for 10-15 minutes following confirmation of clinical stability and mobilization readiness. The intervention is delivered in addition to routine postpartum care and is intended to promote relaxation, physical comfort, maternal well-being, and lactation-related outcomes during the early postpartum period.
Verhalten: Warm Shower
Participants receive routine postpartum care in addition to a standardized warm shower (37-39°C, 10-15 minutes) once daily during the first three postpartum days after cesarean birth.
Kein Eingriff: Routine Postpartum Care (Control)
Participants in the control group receive routine postpartum care according to hospital protocol, including standard maternal and newborn monitoring, breastfeeding support, and postpartum recovery care. No warm shower intervention is administered.

Was misst die Studie?

Primäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Maternal Burnout
Zeitfenster: Assessed at baseline (6-12 hours postpartum), immediately after the intervention, and at 24, 48, and 72 hours postpartum, as well as on postpartum days 7 and 14.
Maternal Burnout Scale (MBS). The Maternal Burnout Scale was used to assess maternal burnout levels. The scale consists of 15 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale and includes the dimensions of physical and emotional exhaustion, emotional distancing from the child, and reduced maternal accomplishment. Higher scores indicate higher levels of maternal burnout.
Assessed at baseline (6-12 hours postpartum), immediately after the intervention, and at 24, 48, and 72 hours postpartum, as well as on postpartum days 7 and 14.
Lactation Onset Indicators
Zeitfenster: Assessed at baseline (6-12 hours postpartum), immediately after the intervention, and at 24, 48, and 72 hours postpartum, as well as on postpartum days 7 and 14.
Lactation onset indicators will be assessed as a composite outcome using the Lactation Assessment Form, which includes breast fullness, milk secretion characteristics, and post-feeding breast status.
Assessed at baseline (6-12 hours postpartum), immediately after the intervention, and at 24, 48, and 72 hours postpartum, as well as on postpartum days 7 and 14.
Postpartum Fatigue
Zeitfenster: Assessed at baseline (6-12 hours postpartum), immediately after the intervention, and at 24, 48, and 72 hours postpartum, as well as on postpartum days 7 and 14.
Postpartum fatigue will be assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale for Fatigue (VAS-F), an 18-item instrument designed to assess fatigue. Higher scores indicate greater postpartum fatigue.
Assessed at baseline (6-12 hours postpartum), immediately after the intervention, and at 24, 48, and 72 hours postpartum, as well as on postpartum days 7 and 14.
Infant breast milk intake score
Zeitfenster: Assessed at baseline (6-12 hours postpartum), immediately after the intervention, at 24, 48, and 72 hours postpartum, and on postpartum days 7 and 14.
Infant breast milk intake will be assessed using the IMDAT Breast Milk Intake Scoring System. Higher scores indicate greater breast milk intake. Unit of
Assessed at baseline (6-12 hours postpartum), immediately after the intervention, at 24, 48, and 72 hours postpartum, and on postpartum days 7 and 14.

Mitarbeiter und Ermittler

Hier finden Sie Personen und Organisationen, die an dieser Studie beteiligt sind.

Sponsor

KTO Karatay University

Studienaufzeichnungsdaten

Diese Daten verfolgen den Fortschritt der Übermittlung von Studienaufzeichnungen und zusammenfassenden Ergebnissen an ClinicalTrials.gov. Studienaufzeichnungen und gemeldete Ergebnisse werden von der National Library of Medicine (NLM) überprüft, um sicherzustellen, dass sie bestimmten Qualitätskontrollstandards entsprechen, bevor sie auf der öffentlichen Website veröffentlicht werden.

Haupttermine studieren

Studienbeginn (Tatsächlich)

10. Oktober 2025

Primärer Abschluss (Tatsächlich)

10. April 2026

Studienabschluss (Tatsächlich)

15. Juni 2026

Studienanmeldedaten

Zuerst eingereicht

19. Juni 2026

Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat

4. Juli 2026

Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)

10. Juli 2026

Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen

Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)

10. Juli 2026

Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt

4. Juli 2026

Zuletzt verifiziert

1. Juni 2026

Mehr Informationen

Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie

Schlüsselwörter

Zusätzliche relevante MeSH-Bedingungen

Andere Studien-ID-Nummern

  • KaratayU-RCT-WarmShower-2026

Plan für individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD)

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Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Arzneimittelprodukt

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Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Geräteprodukt

Nein

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