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Virtual Reality and Cryotherapy for Postoperative Pain and Anxiety After Cesarean Section (VRCSTrail)

2026年7月11日 更新者:Zaid Ali Jebur、Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

Effectiveness of Virtual Reality and Cryotherapy on Postoperative Pain and Anxiety Among Women Undergoing Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Three-Arm Factorial Randomized Controlled Trial

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality and cryotherapy, used separately and in combination, in reducing postoperative pain and anxiety among women undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups or a control group according to the study design. Postoperative pain and anxiety will be assessed using validated measurement tools at predetermined time points after surgery. The findings of this study may provide evidence for safe, non-pharmacological interventions to improve postoperative recovery and patient comfort following cesarean section.

調査の概要

状態

まだ募集していません

条件

介入・治療

詳細な説明

Cesarean section is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide. Despite advances in perioperative care, many women continue to experience moderate to severe postoperative pain and anxiety, which can negatively affect early mobilization, breastfeeding, maternal-infant bonding, and overall recovery. Although pharmacological analgesia remains the standard of care, non-pharmacological interventions may provide additional benefits while minimizing medication-related adverse effects.

Virtual reality is an immersive distraction technique that has shown promise in reducing pain perception and anxiety in various clinical settings. Cryotherapy is another non-pharmacological intervention that may reduce pain through local cooling, decreased nerve conduction velocity, and reduced inflammatory responses. However, evidence regarding their combined effectiveness after cesarean section remains limited.

The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality and cryotherapy, individually and in combination, on postoperative pain and anxiety among women undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Eligible participants will be randomly allocated to the study groups according to the trial protocol. Pain and anxiety outcomes will be measured using validated assessment instruments at predefined postoperative time points. The primary outcomes are postoperative pain intensity and anxiety. The results are expected to contribute to evidence-based postoperative nursing care by identifying effective, safe, and feasible non-pharmacological interventions for women undergoing cesarean section.

研究の種類

介入

入学 (推定)

120

段階

  • 適用できない

参加基準

研究者は、適格基準と呼ばれる特定の説明に適合する人を探します。これらの基準のいくつかの例は、人の一般的な健康状態または以前の治療です。

適格基準

就学可能な年齢

  • 大人

健康ボランティアの受け入れ

いいえ

説明

Inclusion Criteria:

Female participants aged 18 to 45 years. Undergoing elective or emergency cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Hemodynamically stable after surgery. Able to understand Arabic. Conscious, oriented, and able to complete study questionnaires. Willing to participate and provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

Undergoing cesarean section under general anesthesia. Severe postoperative complications requiring intensive care. Severe visual or hearing impairment preventing virtual reality use. History of epilepsy or seizure disorder. Severe motion sickness or vestibular disorders. Known psychiatric illness interfering with outcome assessment. Cognitive impairment preventing completion of questionnaires. Skin disease, wound complications, cold hypersensitivity, Raynaud's phenomenon, or allergy/intolerance to cryotherapy.

Severe intraoperative or postoperative bleeding. Refusal to participate or withdrawal of informed consent.

研究計画

このセクションでは、研究がどのように設計され、研究が何を測定しているかなど、研究計画の詳細を提供します。

研究はどのように設計されていますか?

デザインの詳細

  • 主な目的:処理
  • 割り当て:ランダム化
  • 介入モデル:並列代入
  • マスキング:独身

武器と介入

参加者グループ / アーム
介入・治療
実験的:Virtual Reality
Participants receive a 30-minute virtual reality intervention using a head-mounted display with calming audiovisual content in addition to routine postoperative care following cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.
Participants receive a 30-minute immersive virtual reality session using a head-mounted display with calming, non-violent audiovisual content during the early postoperative period after cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. The intervention is administered according to a standardized protocol.
他の名前:
  • Head-Mounted Display (HMD)
実験的:Cryotherapy
Participants receive cryotherapy using cold gel packs (10-15°C) applied over or near the cesarean incision area for 15 minutes with a protective barrier, in addition to routine postoperative care.
Participants receive localized cryotherapy using cold gel packs maintained at approximately 10-15°C and applied over or near the cesarean incision area for 15 minutes with a protective barrier between the cold pack and the skin. Skin integrity is monitored before and after treatment.
他の名前:
  • Cold Gel Pack
介入なし:Routine Care Control
Participants receive routine postoperative care according to the hospital protocol without virtual reality or cryotherapy during the study assessment period.

この研究は何を測定していますか?

主要な結果の測定

結果測定
メジャーの説明
時間枠
Postoperative Pain Intensity
時間枠:Baseline (pre-intervention), immediately after the intervention, 2 hours after the intervention, and 6 hours after the intervention (if feasible).
Postoperative pain intensity measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), with scores ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain).
Baseline (pre-intervention), immediately after the intervention, 2 hours after the intervention, and 6 hours after the intervention (if feasible).

二次結果の測定

結果測定
メジャーの説明
時間枠
Anxiety Score
時間枠:Baseline (pre-intervention), immediately after the intervention, 2 hours after the intervention, and 6 hours after the intervention (if feasible).
Anxiety measured using the Arabic version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-State).
Baseline (pre-intervention), immediately after the intervention, 2 hours after the intervention, and 6 hours after the intervention (if feasible).
Time to First Rescue Analgesia
時間枠:Up to 6 hours after the intervention.
Time from completion of the intervention to the first administration of rescue analgesic medication.
Up to 6 hours after the intervention.
Total Analgesic Consumption
時間枠:Up to 6 hours after the intervention.
Total postoperative analgesic consumption during the observation period.
Up to 6 hours after the intervention.
Adverse Events
時間枠:Throughout the intervention and postoperative observation period (up to 6 hours after the intervention).
Incidence of adverse events related to virtual reality or cryotherapy, including dizziness, nausea, headache, eye strain, motion sickness, excessive cold sensation, skin redness, numbness, burning sensation, or other treatment-related events.
Throughout the intervention and postoperative observation period (up to 6 hours after the intervention).

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出版物と役立つリンク

研究に関する情報を入力する責任者は、自発的にこれらの出版物を提供します。これらは、研究に関連するあらゆるものに関するものである可能性があります。

研究記録日

これらの日付は、ClinicalTrials.gov への研究記録と要約結果の提出の進捗状況を追跡します。研究記録と報告された結果は、国立医学図書館 (NLM) によって審査され、公開 Web サイトに掲載される前に、特定の品質管理基準を満たしていることが確認されます。

主要日程の研究

研究開始 (推定)

2026年7月12日

一次修了 (推定)

2026年9月12日

研究の完了 (推定)

2026年10月12日

試験登録日

最初に提出

2026年7月6日

QC基準を満たした最初の提出物

2026年7月6日

最初の投稿 (実際)

2026年7月10日

学習記録の更新

投稿された最後の更新 (実際)

2026年7月14日

QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました

2026年7月11日

最終確認日

2026年7月1日

詳しくは

本研究に関する用語

その他の研究ID番号

  • S.B.M.U.26.858

個々の参加者データ (IPD) の計画

個々の参加者データ (IPD) を共有する予定はありますか?

いいえ

IPD プランの説明

There is no plan to make individual participant data (IPD) available to other researchers.

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