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Pre- and On-treatment Multi-omics Profiling of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

2026年11月2日 更新者:Yong Yang、Fujian Medical University Union Hospital

A Prospective Observational Study of Tumour Microenvironment Remodelling During Neoadjuvant Therapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Using Single-Cell and Spatial Multi-omics

This prospective observational study characterises the tumour immune microenvironment and microbial ecology of locally advanced rectal cancer before and during neoadjuvant therapy. Tumour tissue and peripheral blood are profiled by whole-genome sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing with paired T-cell and B-cell receptor repertoire sequencing, spatial transcriptomics of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections, multiplex immunofluorescence, and blood-based proteomic, cytokine and bulk T-cell receptor analyses. The study examines how immune and stromal states change during treatment and how they relate to major pathological response.

調査の概要

状態

募集

条件

詳細な説明

Locally advanced rectal cancer is increasingly treated with total neoadjuvant therapy combining short-course radiotherapy, chemotherapy and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade, but the effect of treatment sequence on the tumour microenvironment is unresolved, and few patients have been profiled with matched pre- and on-treatment single-cell data. In this observational study, we collect tumour tissue and peripheral blood from patients with locally advanced rectal cancer at baseline, before any neoadjuvant treatment, and again after completion of short-course hypofractionated radiotherapy (5 Gy in 5 fractions) followed by one cycle of chemo-immunotherapy, together with archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue where available. Additional formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from treatment-naive patients undergoing primary surgery, and from end-of-treatment biopsies, are used as controls for the spatial analyses. Fresh tumour tissue is analysed by whole-genome sequencing and by single-cell RNA sequencing with paired T-cell and B-cell receptor repertoire sequencing. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue is analysed by spatial transcriptomics and multiplex immunofluorescence. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells are analysed by bulk T-cell receptor repertoire sequencing, and plasma or serum by proteomic and cytokine profiling where material permits. The principal clinical endpoint is major pathological response (mPR) at resection. We examine changes in immune and stromal populations between baseline and the on-treatment time point, features of the immune microenvironment associated with mPR, and, as exploratory analyses, the tumour microbial ecology associated with response together with differences between neoadjuvant treatment sequences. Analyses are descriptive and hypothesis-generating; no intervention, treatment assignment or change in clinical care is involved. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital (2024KY297, approved 30 December 2024; and 2024KJCX060, approved 18 September 2024); archival specimens are used under a waiver of additional informed consent, and fresh biopsy or surgical tissue and blood are collected with written informed consent.

研究の種類

観察的

入学 (推定)

100

連絡先と場所

このセクションには、調査を実施する担当者の連絡先の詳細と、この調査が実施されている場所に関する情報が記載されています。

研究連絡先

  • 名前:Wan-cai Que
  • 電話番号:0086-0591-86218304
  • メール:xhyyjgb@163.com

研究場所

    • Fujian
      • Fuzhou、Fujian、中国、350001
        • 募集
        • Fujian Medical University Union Hospital

参加基準

研究者は、適格基準と呼ばれる特定の説明に適合する人を探します。これらの基準のいくつかの例は、人の一般的な健康状態または以前の治療です。

適格基準

就学可能な年齢

  • 子
  • 大人
  • 高齢者

健康ボランティアの受け入れ

いいえ

受講資格のある性別

全て

サンプリング方法

非確率サンプル

調査対象母集団

Patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma treated at Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, China, from whom tumour tissue and peripheral blood were collected before and during neoadjuvant therapy.

説明

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 18 to 75 years
  • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-1
  • Histologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma
  • Locally advanced disease staged as cT3-T4N0 or cT2-T4N+ without distant metastasis (AJCC 8th edition)
  • Lower border of the tumour within 10 cm of the anal verge
  • Scheduled to receive neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery, with tumour tissue and peripheral blood available before and during neoadjuvant therapy
  • Written informed consent for fresh biopsy or surgical tissue, or a waiver granted by the institutional ethics committee for archival specimens

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Insufficient tissue or nucleic acid quality for the planned profiling assays
  • Incomplete clinical records precluding assessment of pathological or clinical response
  • A history of other malignancy within 5 years other than adequately treated carcinoma in situ or basal cell carcinoma

研究計画

このセクションでは、研究がどのように設計され、研究が何を測定しているかなど、研究計画の詳細を提供します。

研究はどのように設計されていますか?

デザインの詳細

  • 観測モデル:COHORT
  • 時間の展望:PROSPECTIVE

コホートと介入

グループ/コホート
Achieved pathological or clinical complete response

Patients whose resection specimen showed a pathological complete response (ypT0N0) or who achieved a sustained clinical complete response, from whom pre-treatment and on-treatment tissue and blood were profiled.

Did not achieve pathological or clinical complete response

Patients with residual viable tumour at resection or without a sustained clinical complete response, from whom pre-treatment and on-treatment tissue and blood were profiled.

この研究は何を測定していますか?

主要な結果の測定

結果測定
メジャーの説明
時間枠
Change in immune and stromal cell composition in tumour tissue during neoadjuvant therapy
時間枠:Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation

Cell-type composition and transcriptional states of T, natural killer (NK), B and myeloid populations and of stromal subsets before treatment and during neoadjuvant therapy, determined by single-cell RNA sequencing.

Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation
Major pathological response (mPR) and its association with immune microenvironment features
時間枠:Through study completion, an average of 4 years

Proportion of patients achieving major pathological response, defined as 10% or less residual viable tumour at resection, and the association of pre-treatment and on-treatment immune microenvironment features with mPR.

Through study completion, an average of 4 years

二次結果の測定

結果測定
メジャーの説明
時間枠
Transcriptional states of immune populations before and during treatment
時間枠:Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation

Exhaustion, activation and memory programmes of T and NK cells and B-cell states, determined by single-cell RNA sequencing with paired T-cell and B-cell receptor repertoire sequencing.

Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation
Spatial organisation of tumour and immune compartments before and during treatment
時間枠:Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation

Spatial distribution of tumour, immune and stromal compartments determined by spatial transcriptomics of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections and multiplex immunofluorescence, compared with specimens from treatment-naive patients undergoing primary surgery and from end-of-treatment biopsies as controls.

Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation
Comparison of microenvironment remodelling between neoadjuvant treatment sequences
時間枠:Through study completion, an average of 4 years

Between-group comparison of the change in tumour microenvironment composition between baseline and week 4, expressed as the percentage of cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8)-positive T cells, NK cells, B cells and plasma cells among all cells measured by single-cell RNA sequencing, in patients receiving radiotherapy before versus after chemo-immunotherapy.

Through study completion, an average of 4 years
Somatic genomic alterations associated with response to neoadjuvant therapy
時間枠:Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation

Somatic mutations, copy-number alterations and mutational signatures determined by whole-genome sequencing of tumour tissue before and during neoadjuvant therapy.

Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation
Clonal diversity of the peripheral blood T-cell receptor repertoire
時間枠:Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation

Diversity and distribution of T-cell receptor clonotypes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, expressed as the Shannon diversity index and the proportion of expanded clonotypes, measured by bulk T-cell receptor repertoire sequencing.

Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation
Correlation of tumour microbial composition with major pathological response
時間枠:Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation

Correlation between the relative abundance of tumour-associated bacterial taxa, expressed as the percentage of sequencing reads assigned to each taxon measured by small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequencing or shotgun metagenomic sequencing of tumour tissue, and major pathological response, expressed as the percentage of patients with 10% or less residual viable tumour at resection (exploratory).

Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation
Plasma protein and cytokine concentrations before and during neoadjuvant therapy
時間枠:Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation

Concentrations of plasma or serum proteins and cytokines, expressed in pg/mL, measured by multiplex proteomic and cytokine assays.

Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation

協力者と研究者

ここでは、この調査に関係する人々や組織を見つけることができます。

スポンサー

捜査官

  • スタディディレクター:Jian Liu (jianliu@nankai.edu.cn), PhD、Nankai University

研究記録日

これらの日付は、ClinicalTrials.gov への研究記録と要約結果の提出の進捗状況を追跡します。研究記録と報告された結果は、国立医学図書館 (NLM) によって審査され、公開 Web サイトに掲載される前に、特定の品質管理基準を満たしていることが確認されます。

主要日程の研究

研究開始 (実際)

2025年1月1日

一次修了 (推定)

2028年12月31日

研究の完了 (推定)

2028年12月31日

試験登録日

最初に提出

2026年10月27日

QC基準を満たした最初の提出物

2026年11月2日

最初の投稿 (実際)

2026年11月6日

学習記録の更新

投稿された最後の更新 (実際)

2026年11月6日

QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました

2026年11月2日

最終確認日

2026年11月1日

詳しくは

本研究に関する用語

その他の研究ID番号

  • FJMUUH-RECT-OMICS-2024-01

個々の参加者データ (IPD) の計画

個々の参加者データ (IPD) を共有する予定はありますか?

いいえ

IPD プランの説明

Individual participant data, including clinical records and sample-level identifiers, will not be shared. De-identified single-cell, bulk RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic data will be deposited in the Genome Sequence Archive for Human (GSA-Human), National Genomics Data Center, China, and will be made available for research use through the repository according to its access policy after publication.

医薬品およびデバイス情報、研究文書

米国FDA規制医薬品の研究

いいえ

米国FDA規制機器製品の研究

いいえ

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