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Pre- and On-treatment Multi-omics Profiling of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

2. november 2026 oppdatert av: Yong Yang, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital

A Prospective Observational Study of Tumour Microenvironment Remodelling During Neoadjuvant Therapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Using Single-Cell and Spatial Multi-omics

This prospective observational study characterises the tumour immune microenvironment and microbial ecology of locally advanced rectal cancer before and during neoadjuvant therapy. Tumour tissue and peripheral blood are profiled by whole-genome sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing with paired T-cell and B-cell receptor repertoire sequencing, spatial transcriptomics of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections, multiplex immunofluorescence, and blood-based proteomic, cytokine and bulk T-cell receptor analyses. The study examines how immune and stromal states change during treatment and how they relate to major pathological response.

Studieoversikt

Status

Rekruttering

Forhold

Detaljert beskrivelse

Locally advanced rectal cancer is increasingly treated with total neoadjuvant therapy combining short-course radiotherapy, chemotherapy and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade, but the effect of treatment sequence on the tumour microenvironment is unresolved, and few patients have been profiled with matched pre- and on-treatment single-cell data. In this observational study, we collect tumour tissue and peripheral blood from patients with locally advanced rectal cancer at baseline, before any neoadjuvant treatment, and again after completion of short-course hypofractionated radiotherapy (5 Gy in 5 fractions) followed by one cycle of chemo-immunotherapy, together with archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue where available. Additional formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from treatment-naive patients undergoing primary surgery, and from end-of-treatment biopsies, are used as controls for the spatial analyses. Fresh tumour tissue is analysed by whole-genome sequencing and by single-cell RNA sequencing with paired T-cell and B-cell receptor repertoire sequencing. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue is analysed by spatial transcriptomics and multiplex immunofluorescence. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells are analysed by bulk T-cell receptor repertoire sequencing, and plasma or serum by proteomic and cytokine profiling where material permits. The principal clinical endpoint is major pathological response (mPR) at resection. We examine changes in immune and stromal populations between baseline and the on-treatment time point, features of the immune microenvironment associated with mPR, and, as exploratory analyses, the tumour microbial ecology associated with response together with differences between neoadjuvant treatment sequences. Analyses are descriptive and hypothesis-generating; no intervention, treatment assignment or change in clinical care is involved. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital (2024KY297, approved 30 December 2024; and 2024KJCX060, approved 18 September 2024); archival specimens are used under a waiver of additional informed consent, and fresh biopsy or surgical tissue and blood are collected with written informed consent.

Studietype

Observasjonsmessig

Registrering (Antatt)

100

Kontakter og plasseringer

Denne delen inneholder kontaktinformasjon for de som utfører studien, og informasjon om hvor denne studien blir utført.

Studiekontakt

  • Navn: Wan-cai Que
  • Telefonnummer: 0086-0591-86218304
  • E-post: xhyyjgb@163.com

Studiesteder

    • Fujian
      • Fuzhou, Fujian, Kina, 350001
        • Rekruttering
        • Fujian Medical University Union Hospital

Deltakelseskriterier

Forskere ser etter personer som passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kalt kvalifikasjonskriterier. Noen eksempler på disse kriteriene er en persons generelle helsetilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Kvalifikasjonskriterier

Alder som er kvalifisert for studier

  • Barn
  • Voksen
  • Eldre voksen

Tar imot friske frivillige

Nei

Kjønn som er kvalifisert for studier

Alle

Prøvetakingsmetode

Ikke-sannsynlighetsprøve

Studiepopulasjon

Patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma treated at Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, China, from whom tumour tissue and peripheral blood were collected before and during neoadjuvant therapy.

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 18 to 75 years
  • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-1
  • Histologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma
  • Locally advanced disease staged as cT3-T4N0 or cT2-T4N+ without distant metastasis (AJCC 8th edition)
  • Lower border of the tumour within 10 cm of the anal verge
  • Scheduled to receive neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery, with tumour tissue and peripheral blood available before and during neoadjuvant therapy
  • Written informed consent for fresh biopsy or surgical tissue, or a waiver granted by the institutional ethics committee for archival specimens

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Insufficient tissue or nucleic acid quality for the planned profiling assays
  • Incomplete clinical records precluding assessment of pathological or clinical response
  • A history of other malignancy within 5 years other than adequately treated carcinoma in situ or basal cell carcinoma

Studieplan

Denne delen gir detaljer om studieplanen, inkludert hvordan studien er utformet og hva studien måler.

Hvordan er studiet utformet?

Designdetaljer

  • Observasjonsmodeller: COHORT
  • Tidsperspektiver: PROSPECTIVE

Kohorter og intervensjoner

Gruppe / Kohort
Achieved pathological or clinical complete response

Patients whose resection specimen showed a pathological complete response (ypT0N0) or who achieved a sustained clinical complete response, from whom pre-treatment and on-treatment tissue and blood were profiled.

Did not achieve pathological or clinical complete response

Patients with residual viable tumour at resection or without a sustained clinical complete response, from whom pre-treatment and on-treatment tissue and blood were profiled.

Hva måler studien?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change in immune and stromal cell composition in tumour tissue during neoadjuvant therapy
Tidsramme: Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation

Cell-type composition and transcriptional states of T, natural killer (NK), B and myeloid populations and of stromal subsets before treatment and during neoadjuvant therapy, determined by single-cell RNA sequencing.

Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation
Major pathological response (mPR) and its association with immune microenvironment features
Tidsramme: Through study completion, an average of 4 years

Proportion of patients achieving major pathological response, defined as 10% or less residual viable tumour at resection, and the association of pre-treatment and on-treatment immune microenvironment features with mPR.

Through study completion, an average of 4 years

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Transcriptional states of immune populations before and during treatment
Tidsramme: Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation

Exhaustion, activation and memory programmes of T and NK cells and B-cell states, determined by single-cell RNA sequencing with paired T-cell and B-cell receptor repertoire sequencing.

Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation
Spatial organisation of tumour and immune compartments before and during treatment
Tidsramme: Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation

Spatial distribution of tumour, immune and stromal compartments determined by spatial transcriptomics of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections and multiplex immunofluorescence, compared with specimens from treatment-naive patients undergoing primary surgery and from end-of-treatment biopsies as controls.

Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation
Comparison of microenvironment remodelling between neoadjuvant treatment sequences
Tidsramme: Through study completion, an average of 4 years

Between-group comparison of the change in tumour microenvironment composition between baseline and week 4, expressed as the percentage of cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8)-positive T cells, NK cells, B cells and plasma cells among all cells measured by single-cell RNA sequencing, in patients receiving radiotherapy before versus after chemo-immunotherapy.

Through study completion, an average of 4 years
Somatic genomic alterations associated with response to neoadjuvant therapy
Tidsramme: Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation

Somatic mutations, copy-number alterations and mutational signatures determined by whole-genome sequencing of tumour tissue before and during neoadjuvant therapy.

Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation
Clonal diversity of the peripheral blood T-cell receptor repertoire
Tidsramme: Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation

Diversity and distribution of T-cell receptor clonotypes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, expressed as the Shannon diversity index and the proportion of expanded clonotypes, measured by bulk T-cell receptor repertoire sequencing.

Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation
Correlation of tumour microbial composition with major pathological response
Tidsramme: Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation

Correlation between the relative abundance of tumour-associated bacterial taxa, expressed as the percentage of sequencing reads assigned to each taxon measured by small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequencing or shotgun metagenomic sequencing of tumour tissue, and major pathological response, expressed as the percentage of patients with 10% or less residual viable tumour at resection (exploratory).

Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation
Plasma protein and cytokine concentrations before and during neoadjuvant therapy
Tidsramme: Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation

Concentrations of plasma or serum proteins and cytokines, expressed in pg/mL, measured by multiplex proteomic and cytokine assays.

Baseline (before treatment) and week 4 after treatment initiation

Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere

Det er her du vil finne personer og organisasjoner som er involvert i denne studien.

Sponsor

Etterforskere

  • Studieleder: Jian Liu (jianliu@nankai.edu.cn), PhD, Nankai University

Studierekorddatoer

Disse datoene sporer fremdriften for innsending av studieposter og sammendragsresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter og rapporterte resultater gjennomgås av National Library of Medicine (NLM) for å sikre at de oppfyller spesifikke kvalitetskontrollstandarder før de legges ut på det offentlige nettstedet.

Studer hoveddatoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

1. januar 2025

Primær fullføring (Antatt)

31. desember 2028

Studiet fullført (Antatt)

31. desember 2028

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først innsendt

27. oktober 2026

Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

2. november 2026

Først lagt ut (Faktiske)

6. november 2026

Oppdateringer av studieposter

Sist oppdatering lagt ut (Faktiske)

6. november 2026

Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

2. november 2026

Sist bekreftet

1. november 2026

Mer informasjon

Begreper knyttet til denne studien

Andre studie-ID-numre

  • FJMUUH-RECT-OMICS-2024-01

Plan for individuelle deltakerdata (IPD)

Planlegger du å dele individuelle deltakerdata (IPD)?

NEI

IPD-planbeskrivelse

Individual participant data, including clinical records and sample-level identifiers, will not be shared. De-identified single-cell, bulk RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic data will be deposited in the Genome Sequence Archive for Human (GSA-Human), National Genomics Data Center, China, and will be made available for research use through the repository according to its access policy after publication.

Legemiddel- og utstyrsinformasjon, studiedokumenter

Studerer et amerikansk FDA-regulert medikamentprodukt

Nei

Studerer et amerikansk FDA-regulert enhetsprodukt

Nei

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