웃음요가가 암환자의 생리심리적 증상에 미치는 영향

간섭 없음: 팔 2

실험적: 팔 1

웃음요가

행동: 웃음요가

암환자의 증상 관리에 웃음 요가 효과 포함

Life Engagement Scale

The Life Engagement scale, developed by Scheier et al. (2006) to assess individuals' life goals and whose Turkish validity and reliability were determined by Akın et al., is a measurement tool consisting of 6 items and a single dimension (life engagement). The scale has a 5-point scale ("1" I completely disagree, "5" I completely agree). Items 1, 3 and 5 are reverse coded in the scale. Increasing scores indicate a high level of life engagement.

Herth Hope Scale

The Herth Hope Scale was developed by Kaye Herth. The scale consists of 30 items. Each item has four options: "Never " "Rarely appropriate," "Sometimes" and "Always " . The corresponding scores are 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The respondent is asked to mark a single option for each item. The scale consists of 3 sub-dimensions. These are "Future," "Positive Readiness and Expectation," and "Relationships Between Oneself and Those Around Oneself." The "Future" sub-dimension measures the cognitive-temporal dimension of hope, the "Positive Readiness and Expectation" sub-dimension measures the emotional-behavioral dimension of hope, and the "Relationships Between Oneself and Those Around Oneself" sub-dimension measures the dimension of hope related to relationships and the conditions in which it exists. The total hope score varies between 0-90, and the total score of each subscale varies between 0-30. High scores, It shows that hope is high.

Edmonton Symptom Assesment Scale (ESAS)

The scale, originally developed by Bruera et al. (1991) to assess nine common symptoms in cancer patients: pain, tiredness, nausea, depression, anxiety, drowsiness, appetite, well-being, and shortness of breath. For this study, the Turkish version validated by Sadırlı and Ünsar (2009) was utilized, which includes three additional symptoms-changes in skin and nails, mouth sores, and numbness in the hands-resulting in a 12-item scale. Each symptom is rated on a numerical scale from 0 "symptom absent" to 10 "worst possible severity". In the Turkish validation study, Cronbach's alpha coefficients were reported as 0.83 for the pre-test and 0.76 for the post-test. In the present study, the Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the scale were calculated as 0.71 and 0.72 for the pre-test and post-test, respectively.