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Repair Versus Replacement of Failed Restorations in Primary Teeth

2026년 9월 4일 업데이트: Tamara Kerber Tedesco, University of Sao Paulo

Repair Versus Replacement of Failed Restorations in Primary Teeth: Protocol for a Non-Inferiority Randomized Clinical Trial

Dental caries affect approximately 573 million children globally, and the management of failed restorations is a frequent clinical issue in pediatric dentistry. Although complete replacement of restorations is traditionally the most commonly adopted approach, repair represents a minimally invasive alternative that preserves healthy dental structure and reduces the risk of pulpal complications. Studies in permanent teeth demonstrate that repair may present longevity similar to replacement; however, there is no robust evidence regarding this comparison in primary teeth. This randomized controlled clinical trial, with parallel groups and a 1:1 allocation ratio, aims to evaluate the non-inferiority of repair compared with replacement of failed restorations in primary molars, using encapsulated high-viscosity glass ionomer cement. Children aged 4 to 8 years with at least one failed restoration eligible for repair in primary molars will be included. Randomization will be stratified by number of surfaces. Teeth (n=824) will be randomly allocated to one of the groups: repair or replacement. The primary outcome will be restoration survival at 24 months. Cost-effectiveness will be evaluated as a secondary outcome. Statistical analysis will use Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression with shared frailty (¿=5%).

연구 개요

상태

아직 모집하지 않음

정황

개입 / 치료

연구 유형

중재적

등록 (추정된)

382

단계

해당 없음

연락처 및 위치

이 섹션에서는 연구를 수행하는 사람들의 연락처 정보와 이 연구가 수행되는 장소에 대한 정보를 제공합니다.

연구 연락처

이름: Tamara K Tedesco, PhD
전화번호: +5511954866622
이메일: tamarakt@usp.br

연구 장소

브라질
- São Paulo
  - São Paulo, São Paulo, 브라질, 05508-000
    - University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry
    - 연락하다:
      
      Tamara K Tedesco, PhD
      
      전화번호: +5511954866622
      
      이메일: tamarakt@usp.br
    - 연락하다:
      
      Camila C Cabral, PhD
      
      전화번호: +5511996254588
      
      이메일: camila.cabral@usp.br
    - 부수사관:
      
      Aline S Gusmão, DDS

참여기준

연구원은 적격성 기준이라는 특정 설명에 맞는 사람을 찾습니다. 이러한 기준의 몇 가지 예는 개인의 일반적인 건강 상태 또는 이전 치료입니다.

자격 기준

공부할 수 있는 나이

어린이

건강한 자원 봉사자를 받아들입니다

아니

설명

Inclusion Criteria:

Children aged 4 to 8 years;
Presence of at least one defective restoration in a primary molar, involving no more than 3 surfaces;
Absence of clinical and radiographic signs of pulp involvement;

Exclusion Criteria:

Tooth without pulp vitality or requiring endodontic treatment;
Loose or mobile restoration;
Presence of fistula, abscess, or history of pain;
Tooth mobility incompatible with the physiological exfoliation timeline;
Parents/guardians who do not consent to participation by signing the ICF, or children who do not assent to participate in the study.

공부 계획

이 섹션에서는 연구 설계 방법과 연구가 측정하는 내용을 포함하여 연구 계획에 대한 세부 정보를 제공합니다.

연구는 어떻게 설계됩니까?

디자인 세부사항

주 목적: 치료
할당: 무작위
중재 모델: 병렬 할당
마스킹: 없음(오픈 라벨)

무기와 개입

참가자 그룹 / 팔 참가자 그룹 / 팔 시험 프로토콜에 따라 특정 중재/치료를 받거나 중재를 받지 않는 임상 시험 참가자 그룹 또는 하위 그룹입니다.	개입 / 치료 개입 / 치료 임상 연구의 초점이 되는 프로세스 또는 작업입니다. 개입에는 약물, 의료 기기, 절차, 백신 및 조사 중이거나 이미 사용 가능한 기타 제품이 포함됩니다. 개입에는 교육이나 식이요법 및 운동 수정과 같은 비침습적 접근법도 포함될 수 있습니다.
실험적: Repair Repair of Failed restoration in primary teeth.	절차: Repair of Failed Restoration Prior to the procedure, when needed, local anesthesia with 2% lidocaine and 1:100,000 epinephrine will be used, with relative isolation (cotton rolls and saliva ejector). The defective area will be clinically identified. When present, carious tissue will be selectively removed with hand instruments (dentin curettes) suited to the cavity, preserving as much of the intact original restoration as possible. If no hand instrument fits, the cavity will be enlarged with a small spherical diamond bur at high speed under cooling. The surface will be conditioned with 20% polyacrylic acid (GC Cavity Conditioner) for 10 s, rinsed abundantly, and dried with cotton pellets. For proximal surfaces, a metal matrix and wedge will be placed before the GIC. The capsule will be activated, mixed for 10 s, inserted with an applicator, and adapted by digital pressure with petroleum jelly. Occlusion will be checked with articulating paper and adjusted; surface protection applied with petroleum jelly.
활성 비교기: Replacement Replacement of Failed Restoration in primary teeth.	절차: Replacement of Failed Restoration Prior to the procedure, when needed, infiltrative local anesthesia with 2% lidocaine and 1:100,000 epinephrine will be administered. Relative isolation will be used, with cotton rolls and a saliva ejector. Complete removal of the defective restorative material will be performed with spherical diamond burs at high speed under cooling, complemented by round burs at low speed to remove remaining restorative material. Selective removal of carious tissue, when present, will be carried out with hand instruments (dentin curettes) suited to the cavity, preserving soft or leathery dentin according to the depth of the lesion. The new restoration will then be placed following the same protocol described for the repair group: conditioning with 20% polyacrylic acid (GC Cavity Conditioner) for 10 s, rinsing and removal of excess water; placement of a metal matrix and wedge, when needed; insertion of the GIC into the cavity; adaptation by digital pressure with petroleum jelly; occlusal adjustment; a

참가자 그룹 / 팔

개입 / 치료

실험적: Repair

Repair of Failed restoration in primary teeth.

절차: Repair of Failed Restoration

Prior to the procedure, when needed, local anesthesia with 2% lidocaine and 1:100,000 epinephrine will be used, with relative isolation (cotton rolls and saliva ejector). The defective area will be clinically identified. When present, carious tissue will be selectively removed with hand instruments (dentin curettes) suited to the cavity, preserving as much of the intact original restoration as possible. If no hand instrument fits, the cavity will be enlarged with a small spherical diamond bur at high speed under cooling. The surface will be conditioned with 20% polyacrylic acid (GC Cavity Conditioner) for 10 s, rinsed abundantly, and dried with cotton pellets. For proximal surfaces, a metal matrix and wedge will be placed before the GIC. The capsule will be activated, mixed for 10 s, inserted with an applicator, and adapted by digital pressure with petroleum jelly. Occlusion will be checked with articulating paper and adjusted; surface protection applied with petroleum jelly.

활성 비교기: Replacement

Replacement of Failed Restoration in primary teeth.

절차: Replacement of Failed Restoration

Prior to the procedure, when needed, infiltrative local anesthesia with 2% lidocaine and 1:100,000 epinephrine will be administered. Relative isolation will be used, with cotton rolls and a saliva ejector. Complete removal of the defective restorative material will be performed with spherical diamond burs at high speed under cooling, complemented by round burs at low speed to remove remaining restorative material. Selective removal of carious tissue, when present, will be carried out with hand instruments (dentin curettes) suited to the cavity, preserving soft or leathery dentin according to the depth of the lesion. The new restoration will then be placed following the same protocol described for the repair group: conditioning with 20% polyacrylic acid (GC Cavity Conditioner) for 10 s, rinsing and removal of excess water; placement of a metal matrix and wedge, when needed; insertion of the GIC into the cavity; adaptation by digital pressure with petroleum jelly; occlusal adjustment; a

연구는 무엇을 측정합니까?

주요 결과 측정

결과 측정	측정값 설명	기간
Restoration survival 기간: 24 months	Restoration survival will be assessed based on clinical evaluation of the restorations at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. A restoration will be considered to have survived when it remains clinically satisfactory according to the following criteria. Single-surface restorations will be considered satisfactory when scored as 0 (restoration present and satisfactory), 1 (restoration present, with a slight marginal defect and/or surface wear of less than 0.5 mm in depth, with no need for repair), or 7 (restoration present, with gradual wear involving larger areas of the restoration but less than 0.5 mm in depth at the deepest point, with no need for repair), according to Frencken et al. (1996). Multiple-surface restorations will be considered satisfactory when scored as 00 (restoration present and satisfactory) or 10 (restoration present, with a slight marginal defect and/or surface wear of less than 0.5 mm in depth, with no need for repair), according to Rôlevald et al. (2006).	24 months

2차 결과 측정

결과 측정	측정값 설명	기간
Treatment success 기간: 24 months	Treatment success at 24 months will be assessed as a binary outcome. All participants will be clinically evaluated at 24 months, and each treated tooth will be classified as either successful or unsuccessful. Treatment will be considered successful when the treated tooth requires no operative reintervention during the 24-month follow-up period and remains asymptomatic, according to the clinical criteria described above. Natural exfoliation of the treated tooth during the follow-up period will also be considered a successful outcome. Treatment failure will be defined as the need for operative reintervention due to disease progression or treatment failure, including endodontic treatment or extraction.	24 months
Parents' and Child's Preference 기간: Before randomization and prior to treatment	Before randomization, parents or guardians and the child will receive a standardized explanation of the two therapeutic approaches under investigation (replacement and repair of restorations). To aid comprehension, illustrative images generated by artificial intelligence will be presented, depicting each procedure in a standardized manner. Parents or guardians and the child will then be asked: "If you could choose, which treatment would you prefer?" Responses will be recorded as: replacement, repair, or no preference.	Before randomization and prior to treatment
Treatment Time 기간: From the beginning to the completion of the treatment procedure	The total treatment time will be measured by a research assistant using a digital stopwatch. Timing will start at the beginning of the clinical intervention and stop immediately after its completion. Time will be recorded and expressed in minutes (min).	From the beginning to the completion of the treatment procedure
Child's Perception 기간: Immediately after the procedure (Day 0)	The child's perception of the treatment will be assessed immediately after completion of the procedure using the Facial Image Scale (FIS). The scale will be presented by the research assistant, in the absence of the operator, in order to minimize the professional's influence on the response. The child will be asked to indicate the image that best represents how they felt during the treatment, following the question: "How did you feel during the treatment?" The FIS consists of five facial images ranging from a very happy to a very sad expression, allowing assessment of the child's acceptance of the experience.	Immediately after the procedure (Day 0)
Parents'/Guardians' Satisfaction 기간: Immediately after the procedure (Day 0)	Immediately after completion of the treatment, parents or guardians will answer the following question: "How satisfied are you with the treatment performed on your child?" The response will be recorded on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from very dissatisfied to very satisfied.	Immediately after the procedure (Day 0)
Parents'/Guardians' Willingness to Choose the Treatment Again 기간: 30 days after the procedure	At 30 days after the procedure, parents or guardians will be presented again with illustrative images of the two therapeutic approaches, accompanied by the same standardized explanation used in the initial assessment. They will then be asked: "If you could choose again, which treatment would you choose for your child?" Responses will be recorded as repair, replacement, or no preference.	30 days after the procedure
Cost-effectiveness 기간: 24 months	Additionally, a cost-effectiveness analysis will be conducted comparing the repair and replacement of defective restorations in primary molars over 24 months of follow-up. Restoration survival over this period will be used as the effectiveness measure for the economic analysis. The analysis will adopt the perspective of the Brazilian public health system and will consider only direct treatment costs.	24 months
Treatment Cost 기간: Immediately after the procedure (Day 0)	The direct costs associated with the repair and replacement of restorations will be compared, considering the clinical treatment time and materials actually used in each procedure. Treatment time will be measured by a research assistant who is not involved in performing the interventions and will be used to estimate the dental professional's labor cost based on the cost per hour of professional work. Material costs will be estimated based on the actual amount consumed during each procedure and the prices obtained from three quotations from different suppliers, with the mean value of the quotations used for cost calculation. Costs will be expressed in Brazilian reais (BRL), based on the prices prevailing during the study period.	Immediately after the procedure (Day 0)

공동 작업자 및 조사자

여기에서 이 연구와 관련된 사람과 조직을 찾을 수 있습니다.

스폰서

University of Sao Paulo

수사관

수석 연구원: Camila C Cabral, PhD, University of Sao Paulo

연구 기록 날짜

이 날짜는 ClinicalTrials.gov에 대한 연구 기록 및 요약 결과 제출의 진행 상황을 추적합니다. 연구 기록 및 보고된 결과는 공개 웹사이트에 게시되기 전에 특정 품질 관리 기준을 충족하는지 확인하기 위해 국립 의학 도서관(NLM)에서 검토합니다.

연구 주요 날짜

연구 시작 (추정된)

2026년 10월 7일

기본 완료 (추정된)

2029년 4월 1일

연구 완료 (추정된)

2029년 4월 1일

연구 등록 날짜

최초 제출

2026년 9월 4일

QC 기준을 충족하는 최초 제출

2026년 9월 4일

처음 게시됨 (실제)

2026년 9월 10일

연구 기록 업데이트

마지막 업데이트 게시됨 (실제)

2026년 9월 10일

QC 기준을 충족하는 마지막 업데이트 제출

2026년 9월 4일

마지막으로 확인됨

2026년 9월 1일

추가 정보

이 연구와 관련된 용어

키워드

추가 관련 MeSH 약관

기타 연구 ID 번호

RepairPEDO

개별 참가자 데이터(IPD) 계획

개별 참가자 데이터(IPD)를 공유할 계획입니까?

예

IPD 계획 설명

Anonymized individual participant data (IPD) collected from parents and/or caregivers will be shared, including demographic and study-related data, treatment preference, treatment satisfaction, willingness to choose the treatment again, and other participant-level outcome data collected during the study. All data will be fully anonymized prior to sharing to prevent identification of participants or disclosure of sensitive information.

IPD 공유 기간

Start date: After publication of the study results End date: No end date

IPD 공유 액세스 기준

Anonymized individual participant data and the study protocol will be publicly accessible to researchers and other interested users through the designated public data repository. Access will be unrestricted, subject to the repository's terms of use. Only fully anonymized data will be made available, with no information that could reasonably identify individual participants.

IPD 공유 지원 정보 유형

연구_프로토콜
수액

약물 및 장치 정보, 연구 문서

미국 FDA 규제 의약품 연구

아니

미국 FDA 규제 기기 제품 연구

아니

이 정보는 변경 없이 clinicaltrials.gov 웹사이트에서 직접 가져온 것입니다. 귀하의 연구 세부 정보를 변경, 제거 또는 업데이트하도록 요청하는 경우 register@clinicaltrials.gov. 문의하십시오. 변경 사항이 clinicaltrials.gov에 구현되는 즉시 저희 웹사이트에도 자동으로 업데이트됩니다. .

Repair Versus Replacement of Failed Restorations in Primary Teeth