Neurocomputational Training to Improve Reward Responsiveness in Veterans With Anhedonia

This arm provides a moderate dose of the experimental treatment, i.e., ReLIT (Reward Learning Intensive Training).

This arm provides an active reward learning training.

This arm provides a high dose of the experimental treatment, i.e., ReLIT (Reward Learning Intensive Training).

This arm provides an active reward learning training.

This arm provides a non-training protocol matched for time and reward environment.

This arm provides an inactive reward learning training.

Measure of anhedonia. Score range from 14 to 56, with higher scores indicating greater anhedonia severity.

Computational parameter derived from participants' choices in a reinforcement learning task, capturing the degree to which individuals select the options they predict to be most rewarding.

Average BOLD (Blood-Oxygenation-Level Dependent) % signal change (i.e., activation) associated with individuals' model-based RPE (difference between expected probability of reward and actual outcome received) during reinforcement learning.

Measures quality of life and life satisfaction. Includes 4 domain subscales: physical health (range 7-35), psychological health (range 6-30), social relationships (range 3-15), and environment (range 8-42). Higher scores indicate higher quality of life.

Measures depression severity. Scores range from 0 to 27. Higher scores indicate greater depression severity.

This metric assesses the degree to which individuals display an implicit approach bias towards positive/rewarding cues in an approach-avoidance task. It is computed as the mean response time difference between approach-positive and avoid-positive choices.

A measure of implicit bias towards positive relative to negative cues in an affective go/no-go task, as measured but the standardized rate of hits (accurate identification of positive cues) minus standardized rate of false alarms (inaccurate identification of negative cues as positive).

Average BOLD (Blood-Oxygenation-Level Dependent) % signal change (i.e., activation) associated with the contrast of positive-Go vs negative-Go trials in an affective go/no-go task.

Average BOLD (Blood-Oxygenation-Level Dependent) % signal change (i.e., activation) associated with the contrast of (positive-approach vs positive-avoid) minus (neutral-approach vs neutral-avoid) in an approach-avoidance task.

The scale measures the degree of impairment in ability to interact effectively with others, fulfill social roles (e.g., work), and meet personal and societal expectations. It is comprised of 7 subscales. Each item ranges from 0 to 6. Higher scores indicate greater degree of impairment in psychosocial functioning.

Measure of anhedonic depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. The scale has three subscales (general distress, anhedonic depression, and anxious arousal) , with each score ranging from 10 to 50. Higher scores indicate greater severity of symptoms.

Measure of treatment satisfaction and credibility of treatment rationale. Total scores range from 3 to 27, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction and credibility in the treatment.

Assesses the impact of social anxiety on multiple aspects of life. Scores range from 0 to 144, with higher scores indicating greater social anxiety.

Assess positive and negative mood using a 5-point frequency scale (1-5). Each subscale (positive or negative affect) range from 10 to 50.

Measures the degree to which individuals feel connected to others in their social environment. Scores range from 20 to 120, where higher scores indicate a stronger, healthier sense of social connectedness.

Measures performance and computational parameters associated with approach and avoidance biases in a dynamic foraging task.

This scale measures anxiety severity. Scores range from 0 to 63, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety severity.

Measures post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity. Scores range from 0 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater PTSD severity.

This scale measures changes in activation and avoidance behaviors. Items are measured on a 7-point Likert scale (0-6). Scores range from 0 to 150, with higher scores indicating greater behavioral activation.

Measures psychological diagnoses, which will be used to assess primary diagnostic category (i.e., depressive vs traumatic stress/anxiety disorder).

Average BOLD (Blood-Oxygenation-Level Dependent) % signal change (i.e., activation) associated with individuals' model-based reward prediction/anticipation for chosen options during reinforcement learning.

Computational parameter derived from participants' choices in a reinforcement learning task, capturing the degree to which individuals are updating their dynamic reward predictions.

This is a measure of social anhedonia, i.e., hypo-responsiveness to social rewards, such as positive human interactions. Scores range from 0 to 69. Higher scores indicate greater severity of social anhedonia.