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Income Generation, Food and Nutrient Security for Improved Livelihoods and Health Outcomes Among HIV-Positive, Kenya

27 mei 2026 bijgewerkt door: Lucia Kaluki Mutwika, Maseno University

A Quasi-experimental Design of Income Generation, Food and Nutrient Security for Improved Livelihoods and Health Outcomes Among People Living With HIV (PLWHIV), Kenya

The goal of this trial is to evaluate whether cassava root and sesame seed granules combined with nutrition education can improve the nutritional status of HIV-seropositive adults. People living with HIV face food insecurity, and HIV also increases nutrient requirements and reduces nutrient intake, leading to weight loss, underweight, and impaired immune function, which worsens the situation, leading to increased deaths. The main question was:

Does improving food and nutrient security improve the livelihoods and health outcomes among people living with HIV Researchers compared cassava root and sesame (simsim) seed granules combined with nutrition education to nutrition education alone to see if it works to improve the nutritional status of HIV-positive underweight adults.

  • Participants received 230g of cassava root-simsim seed granules daily, and one session of structured individual nutrition education monthly during every visit to the hospital, totaling to 5 sessions during the 16-week study period
  • Participants were offered structured individual nutrition education monthly, totaling to 5 sessions during the study period
  • Participants visited the hospital monthly for resupply and nutrition education
  • They brought back any unused granules during hospital visits.

Studie Overzicht

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

Undernutrition remains a critical challenge among people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in Sub-Saharan Africa, contributing to high morbidity and mortality despite access to antiretroviral therapy. Globally, approximately 1.8 billion PLWHIV are affected by undernutrition. HIV infection and nutritional deficiencies increase nutrient requirements, impaired intake, and reduce nutrient utilization, causing weight loss and micronutrient deficiencies. Kisumu County has the second-highest HIV prevalence in the country. Kisumu West Sub-County serves a large population of PLWHIV in a resource-limited setting, where access to adequate nutrition remains a major challenge. This study evaluated the impact of cassava-simsim granules and nutrition education on the nutritional status of HIV seropositive adults in Kisumu West Sub-County, Kenya. Specific objectives were to assess nutritional status and nutrient intake of participants, determine nutrient levels, microbial load, and acceptability of cassava -simsim granules. A quasi-experimental design was adopted. Sample size was determined using a statistical formula by Bolarinwa (2020). A total of 64 moderately malnourished HIV-seropositive adults (BMI of > 16 kg/m2 - < 18.5 kg/m2) aged 19 -50 years were enrolled, with 52 completing the 16-week intervention. Participants were purposively allocated to either intervention group (n = 32), which received cassava-simsim granules 230g/day plus nutrition education, or the control group (n = 32), which received nutrition education alone. Data on nutritional status, nutrient intake, and product acceptability were collected using a questionnaire. Serum iron, zinc, and selenium levels and nutrient levels in the product were analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). Microbial load was determined using a conventional method, and sensory acceptability was evaluated using a 5-point hedonic scale. Nutrient intakes were analyzed in the NutriSurvey software. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, paired sample t-test, independent t-test, one-sample t-test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Werkelijk)

64

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studie Locaties

      • Kisumu, Kenia, 40105
        • Chulaimbo County Hospital
      • Kisumu, Kenia, 40105
        • Nyahera Sub County Hospital

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Volwassen

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Nee

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • HIV-seropositive adults aged 19 - 50 years
  • Enrolled at the two study sites
  • willing to consent to participate in the study
  • Body Mass Index (BMI) of > 16 kg/m2 - < 18.5 kg/m2
  • Hemoglobin levels 8g/dL - 12g/dL for non-pregnant women
  • Hemoglobin levels 8g/dL - 13 g/dL for men

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Severe acute malnutrition BMI of < 16 kg/m2
  • Hemoglobin levels of < 8 g/dL
  • Chronic conditions
  • Pregnant mothers

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Behandeling
  • Toewijzing: Niet-gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
  • Masker: Geen (open label)

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Experimenteel: Arm 1 - Cassava root and (sesame) simsim seed granules and nutrition education
Participants received one serving of cassava root-simsim seed granules daily, each 230g, and one session of structured individual nutrition education monthly during every visit to the facility totaling to 5 sessions during the study period
cassava-simsim granules
Structured nutrition education
Actieve vergelijker: Arm 2 - Nutrition education
Participants were offered structured individual nutrition education monthly, totaling to 5 sessions during the study period
Structured nutrition education

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Serum iron levels
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 16
Serum iron concentration (µg/dL) measured in HIV-seropositive adults as indicator of micronutrient status.
Baseline and week 16
Serum zinc levels
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 16
Serum zinc concentration (µg/dL) measured in HIV-seropositive adults as indicator of micronutrient status.
Baseline and week 16
Serum selenium levels
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 16
Serum selenium concentration (µg/L) measured in HIV-seropositive adults as indicator of micronutrient status.
Baseline and week 16
Body mass Index (kg/m2)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 16
Calculated using measured weight (kg) and height (m) to determine nutritional status of participants
Baseline and week 16

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Meal Frequency
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 16
Number of meals consumed per day among HIV-positive adults, used to assess dietary intake pattern
Baseline and week 16
Dietary Diversity
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and Week 16
Variety of foods groups consumed by HIV-positive adults, assessed using dietary diversity score based on 10 food group classification
Baseline and Week 16
Food Quantity Intake
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 16
Quantity of food consumed by HIV-positive adults, assessed in (grams) consumed per day to evaluate dietary intake levels.
Baseline and week 16
Vegetable Preparation Methods
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 16
Methods used in vegetable preparation among HIV-positive adults, including steaming, boiling and draining water, boiling and not draining water.
Baseline and week 16
Cassava root -simsim seed granules consumption
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 16
Daily consumption of cassava root-simsim seed food-based product among HIV-positive adults as part of the dietary intervention.
Baseline and week 16

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Onderzoekers

  • Hoofdonderzoeker: Florence F Habwe, PhD, Maseno University

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Werkelijk)

11 april 2024

Primaire voltooiing (Werkelijk)

29 november 2024

Studie voltooiing (Werkelijk)

6 december 2024

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

20 mei 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

27 mei 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

2 juni 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

2 juni 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

27 mei 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 mei 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

JA

Beschrijving IPD-plan

Individual participant data collected that support the results reported in this article will be shared

IPD-tijdsbestek voor delen

Immediately following publication, and upon completion of PhD course

IPD-toegangscriteria voor delen

Anyone who wishes to access the data for research purposes. IPD will be accessed at the Maseno University Institutional Repository in form of text, tables, figures, appendices

IPD delen Ondersteunend informatietype

  • LEERPROTOCOOL
  • SAP
  • ICF
  • ANALYTIC_CODE
  • MVO

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

Deze informatie is zonder wijzigingen rechtstreeks van de website clinicaltrials.gov gehaald. Als u verzoeken heeft om uw onderzoeksgegevens te wijzigen, te verwijderen of bij te werken, neem dan contact op met register@clinicaltrials.gov. Zodra er een wijziging wordt doorgevoerd op clinicaltrials.gov, wordt deze ook automatisch bijgewerkt op onze website .

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